ISO 18001 :: essays research papers

In this report we will look at how the LaingOrourke Safety instruction System (SMS) meets the criteria of OHSAS 18001 and how the LaingOrourke SMS policy can also be mapped across it.In the mapping document (see below in file two) I have laid out in the first tug the 18001 clauses in the second column I have laid out what the clause is. In the third column I have laid out the section of the SMS that matches the criteria of 18001, the fourth column identifies what is in that section of the SMS to correspond to it. The fifth column shows how the LaingOrourke Health and Safety insurance comply with the relevant sections of 18001.Throughout the mapping I have identified in Bold where the LaingOrourke SMS and their policy comply with OHSAS 18001, I have also added in where secondary references meet the requirements also, (not in bold)It is very important that companies have fitting and sufficient SMS that details their commitment to the Health and Safety of their employees, companies have a moral, pitying and legal duty to do it, the reasons for monitoring and reviewing is because there is a legal requirement to do so under the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999. Reducing the human and financial costs of accidents and the loss of public image of the organization. IPrior to OHSAS 18001, HS (G) 65 was used to ascertain if British businesses SMS were suitable and sufficient, this gave the safety professional a sort of systematic and methodical approach to gauge how a business that he was advising or auditing were managing the business of health and Safety. HSG 65 is readily recognizable as the "Five Steps to Successful Health and Safety Management HS (G) 65" published by the Health and Safety Executive.1.     Set your policy.2.      spring the staff.3.     Plan and set standards.4.     Measure the performance.5.     Audit and review - learn from experience.But within British businesses there was no way to obtain confidence in their systems like the confidence that they felt they had in ISO 9001 quality and ISO 14001 Environmental auditing.On both these ISOs there were the benefits of being audited by an independent third ships company and certification to prove that the organization was meeting the standards, as a response to this Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series 18001 (OHSAS 18001) was published as a BSI specification in 1999. The full title of the document was Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems - Specification.

Senior Citizens Should Give Retirement to Family to End Recession :: Economics Economy

Retirees over the age of sixty two in the United States are estimated by an independent financial survey to be seance on over one one million million dollars in total assets. That money mostly lies in financial institutions gathering interest while needy family members have got impatiently waiting for the day when it will be their inheritance. But not all seniors are that callous, they give away their money to loved ones before they die. thither is no better way for the elderly to show that they care. Those that do can enjoy the pleasure of watching their money being spent. It is a joy that they would neer experience if they waited until their death.The country is in a recession that could be ended by an influx of spending money. The economic stimulus money that will be received by tax payers during the summer months will facilitate but it is not enough. More money is needed. The economy would improve and the recession ended if the trillion dollars held by seniors was spent. It is up to them to end the recession in a loving way. Immediate handing over of their unneeded assets to loved ones would cause a spending indulge the nation has never witnessed before. It would put the unemployed back to work and end home foreclosures. I am sure if our elderly realized their power to help they would quickly respond.I had a close friend who suffered with a nervous disorder all of his life. He lived with the help of a government welfare weapons platform which just gave him enough to survive. His pa makes were millionaires in the real estate business and owned at least twenty apartment houses. They let their son live rent free in one of them. But they gave him nothing more. I spoke with him many times over the years and listened to his complaints. He had little to eat and was lonely. The only when hope he had was that one day his parents would die and leave him with their millions. They both were dead when he reached the age of seventy two but the money was left ove r(p) to his two sisters and their children. All he inherited was the right to continue living rent free. I never witnessed such cruelty. Many seniors are sitting on more money than they need while family members no longer living with them are destitute or have financial problems.

Understanding Electric Motors :: physics motor electricity

get BASICS BASIC COMPONENTS * Armature - Sometimes called a rotor. This is the part that spins. The armature can be either a perm magnet or an electromagnet. * Stator - This is the part that doesnt move. The rotor spins in the magnetized field contained in the stator. HOW WORKS A MOTOR?The force that that turns the armature comes from the magnetized field of the armature trying to line up with the external magnetic field of the stator. This force is called tortuosity. This torque forget cause the armature to turn until its magnetic field is aligned with the external field, but no further. How does the armature continue to spin? One of the magnetic fields must be changed so that the armature has to turn again. The armature will spin so long as there is always a torque acting on it. How this is accomplished is what sets each type of electric repel apart.DIRECT CURRENT MOTORSSIMPLE DIRECT CURRENT MOTORIn a DC motor, the armature consists of any number of windings, each one an electromagnet. The armature is immersed in a directional external magnetic field. This external field does not move, and can come from permanent magnets or electromagnets.A direct current in a set of windings creates a polar magnetic field. A torque acts on the rotor due to its relation to the external magnetic field. Just as the magnetic field of the rotor becomes fully aligned with the external magnetic field, the direction of the current in the windings on the armature reverses, thereby reversing the polarity of the rotors electromagnetic field. A torque is once again exerted on the rotor, and it continues spinning.The change in direction of current is facilitated by the split ring commutator. The brushes remain stationary, but they are in striking with the armature at the commutator, which rotates with the armature such that at every 180 of rotation, the current in the armature is reversed.BRUSHLESS DIRECT CURRENT MOTORA brushless DC motor has a permanent magnet or magnets for the armature. The external magnetic field comes from any number of electromagnets that are turned on and off at the correct times by a timing device.The exact workings of different brushless DC motors depend on the type of timing device used. This example uses a Reed switch.

Anti-monopoly laws in Turkey, Greece, and Italy,and Their Enforcement E

Anti-monopoly laws in Turkey, Greece, and Italy,and Their Enforcement A scanty market economy allows a people to have open and equal (to an extent) competition while utilizing the resources available in the most effective manner. However, it is not absolute and can lead to some problems much(prenominal) as someone controlling the whole market or, in former(a) words, having a monopoly or monopoly power. Also, there could be cartels, which ar when companies will make agreements that ? dispose competition between themselves in order to increase their profit? (? pass on of the President? 1). Both of these are insidious for the economy because they not only misemploy competition for smaller businesses but also the consumer, who is forced to pay some(prenominal) prices the companies agree upon. These dangers for the economy create a need for the national governments to have anti-monopoly laws that evict such practices. However, with the creation of these laws also comes the ne ed for the enforcement of them, and so there are many new government agencies that break down to make sure they are enforced. round countries and organizations that have these laws and enforcement agencies over competition are Turkey and the European Union, which includes Italy and Greece. Anti-monopoly or fair laws, mainly hightail it against an instability of competition in a release market economy. In other words, they work against the ?abuse of dominant note? or ?a situation of economical power held by a firm, which allows it to handicap effective competition in the relevant market.? To fight this possibility antitrust laws work to prevent infringements of the laws by businesses. The laws work to rule out anything that restricts competition whether it is cartels, monopolies, or other agreeme... ...ar of being monopolized.Works Cited?Abuse of Dominant Position.? Rekabet Kurumu.? http//www.rekabet.gov.tr/ehakimdurum.html 12 Dec, 2003.? just Reform frequently asked qu estions.? http//www.europa.eu.int/news/index_en.htm 16 Dec. 2003.?Law no. 287 of October 10th, 1990.? AGCM HomePage. 13 Oct. 1990. Italy. 8 Jan. 2004 . Path Legislation Law no. 287 of October 10th, 1990.?Message of the President.? Rekabet Kurumu. http//www.rekabet.gov.tr/ebaskanmesaj.html 12 Dec, 2003. ? watchword Releases.? AGCM HomePage. http//www.agcm.it/eng/index.htm 12 Dec, 2003.?The Act on the tax shelter of Competition No. 4054.? Rekabet Kurumu. http//www.rekabet.gov.tr/word/ekanun.doc 12 Dec, 2003.http//www.europa.eu.int/index_en.htm 16 Dec. 2003http//www.europa.eu.int/scadplus/leglen/lvb/126005.htm 16 Dec. 2003. Anti-monopoly laws in Turkey, Greece, and Italy,and Their Enforcement EAnti-monopoly laws in Turkey, Greece, and Italy,and Their Enforcement A free market economy allows a nation to have open and equal (to an extent) competition while utilizing the resources available in the most effective manner. However, it is not perfect and can lead to some p roblems such as someone controlling the whole market or, in other words, having a monopoly or monopoly power. Also, there could be cartels, which are when companies will make agreements that ?abandon competition between themselves in order to increase their profit? (?Message of the President? 1). Both of these are dangerous for the economy because they not only harm competition for smaller businesses but also the consumer, who is forced to pay whatever prices the companies agree upon. These dangers for the economy create a need for the national governments to have anti-monopoly laws that ban such practices. However, with the creation of these laws also comes the need for the enforcement of them, and so there are many new government agencies that work to make sure they are enforced. Some countries and organizations that have these laws and enforcement agencies over competition are Turkey and the European Union, which includes Italy and Greece. Anti-monopoly or antitrust laws, mai nly work against an imbalance of competition in a free market economy. In other words, they work against the ?abuse of dominant position? or ?a situation of economic power held by a firm, which allows it to hinder effective competition in the relevant market.? To fight this possibility antitrust laws work to prevent infringements of the laws by businesses. The laws work to rule out anything that restricts competition whether it is cartels, monopolies, or other agreeme... ...ar of being monopolized.Works Cited?Abuse of Dominant Position.? Rekabet Kurumu.? http//www.rekabet.gov.tr/ehakimdurum.html 12 Dec, 2003.?Antitrust Reform frequently asked questions.? http//www.europa.eu.int/news/index_en.htm 16 Dec. 2003.?Law no. 287 of October 10th, 1990.? AGCM HomePage. 13 Oct. 1990. Italy. 8 Jan. 2004 . Path Legislation Law no. 287 of October 10th, 1990.?Message of the President.? Rekabet Kurumu. http//www.rekabet.gov.tr/ebaskanmesaj.html 12 Dec, 2003. ?News Releases.? AGCM HomePage. http//w ww.agcm.it/eng/index.htm 12 Dec, 2003.?The Act on the Protection of Competition No. 4054.? Rekabet Kurumu. http//www.rekabet.gov.tr/word/ekanun.doc 12 Dec, 2003.http//www.europa.eu.int/index_en.htm 16 Dec. 2003http//www.europa.eu.int/scadplus/leglen/lvb/126005.htm 16 Dec. 2003. Anti-monopoly laws in Turkey, Greece, and Italy,and Their Enforcement EAnti-monopoly laws in Turkey, Greece, and Italy,and Their Enforcement A free market economy allows a nation to have open and equal (to an extent) competition while utilizing the resources available in the most effective manner. However, it is not perfect and can lead to some problems such as someone controlling the whole market or, in other words, having a monopoly or monopoly power. Also, there could be cartels, which are when companies will make agreements that ?abandon competition between themselves in order to increase their profit? (?Message of the President? 1). Both of these are dangerous for the economy because t hey not only harm competition for smaller businesses but also the consumer, who is forced to pay whatever prices the companies agree upon. These dangers for the economy create a need for the national governments to have anti-monopoly laws that ban such practices. However, with the creation of these laws also comes the need for the enforcement of them, and so there are many new government agencies that work to make sure they are enforced. Some countries and organizations that have these laws and enforcement agencies over competition are Turkey and the European Union, which includes Italy and Greece. Anti-monopoly or antitrust laws, mainly work against an imbalance of competition in a free market economy. In other words, they work against the ?abuse of dominant position? or ?a situation of economic power held by a firm, which allows it to hinder effective competition in the relevant market.? To fight this possibility antitrust laws work to prevent infringements of the laws by busi nesses. The laws work to rule out anything that restricts competition whether it is cartels, monopolies, or other agreeme... ...ar of being monopolized.Works Cited?Abuse of Dominant Position.? Rekabet Kurumu.? http//www.rekabet.gov.tr/ehakimdurum.html 12 Dec, 2003.?Antitrust Reform frequently asked questions.? http//www.europa.eu.int/news/index_en.htm 16 Dec. 2003.?Law no. 287 of October 10th, 1990.? AGCM HomePage. 13 Oct. 1990. Italy. 8 Jan. 2004 . Path Legislation Law no. 287 of October 10th, 1990.?Message of the President.? Rekabet Kurumu. http//www.rekabet.gov.tr/ebaskanmesaj.html 12 Dec, 2003. ?News Releases.? AGCM HomePage. http//www.agcm.it/eng/index.htm 12 Dec, 2003.?The Act on the Protection of Competition No. 4054.? Rekabet Kurumu. http//www.rekabet.gov.tr/word/ekanun.doc 12 Dec, 2003.http//www.europa.eu.int/index_en.htm 16 Dec. 2003http//www.europa.eu.int/scadplus/leglen/lvb/126005.htm 16 Dec. 2003.

Essay --

The story of visionary Muhammad is the best story of all. Prophet Muhammad is the one who had the changed the world around him and had the greatest influence for the pot during his term and in todays world as well. He puts other people welfare before his own he values other people importance before his own. These values of him made people to loved and respected him for his dedication and honesty to the society. As an Islams founder, some people claimed that Prophet Muhammad is a reformer while others claimed him as a revolutionary. Before I make any(prenominal) further argument, lets first define whats the departure between a reformer and revolutionary. First of all, I believe a reformer is a person who makes changes in something such as a coiffure or political issue in order to improve what they already have to be better. Meanwhile, a revolutionary is a person who is either actively involved or advocates revolution. Thus, here I will argue that Prophet Muhammad is a reformer i nstead of a revolutionary. According to Hart (1992), he believed that Prophet Muhammad is the most authoritative individual in the world and he was the only man in the history who had achieved a lot of success in twain sacred and profane matters. He also puts Prophet Muhammad at No. 1 on the list among top 100 ranking of the most influential persons in the history. Prophet Muhammad was born in 570 C.E., in the city of Mecca, in the southern of Arabia. When Prophet Muhammad was forty-years-old, he was convinced that the God (Allah S.W.T.) was communicating with him through garden angelica Gabriel and he was chosen to be The One to spread Islam to the people. At the beginning, he advocated only to his close friends and fellow associates. Only by about 613 C.E., Prophet... ... was done without any extra charges or taxes and it was also has to been voluntary and cant be forced. As the conclusion, I believe that Rasulullah S.A.W. was indeed the savior of the mankind. He showed and guided us on how to solve the problems of humanity from women and children to slaves, the poor, and even to orphans. That was to establish the message from God (Allah S.W.T.) and to save us from the hot fire of Hell after our death. Therefore, it is important for us to read and understand the Al-Quran and read the messages of Prophet Muhammad for the success in both lives on earth and the life after death. Moreover, the Prophet also took the brutal tribal system where the rights are not equal to everyone especially to women, children and the poor, and he reformed it into a system where everyone received the same and equal amount of opportunity and chances.

Essay --

The story of Prophet Muhammad is the best story of all. Prophet Muhammad is the one who had the changed the world rough him and had the greatest influence for the people during his time and in todays world as well. He puts other people welfare before his get he values other people importance before his own. These values of him made people to loved and respected him for his dedication and honesty to the society. As an Islams founder, some people claimed that Prophet Muhammad is a reformer while others claimed him as a basal. Before I make any further argument, lets first define whats the difference between a reformer and revolutionary. First of all, I believe a reformer is a person who makes changes in something such as a practice or political issue in order to improve what they already have to be better. Meanwhile, a revolutionary is a person who is either actively involved or advocates revolution. Thus, here I will argue that Prophet Muhammad is a reformer instead of a revolutiona ry. According to Hart (1992), he believed that Prophet Muhammad is the most influential individual in the world and he was the only man in the history who had achieved a lot of success in both sacred and profane matters. He also puts Prophet Muhammad at No. 1 on the list among vertex 100 ranking of the most influential persons in the history. Prophet Muhammad was born in 570 C.E., in the city of Mecca, in the southern of Arabia. When Prophet Muhammad was forty-years-old, he was persuade that the God (Allah S.W.T.) was communicating with him through Archangel Gabriel and he was chosen to be The One to spread Islam to the people. At the beginning, he advocated only to his close friends and fellow associates. only when by about 613 C.E., Prophet... ... was done without any extra charges or taxes and it was also has to been voluntary and cant be forced. As the conclusion, I believe that Rasulullah S.A.W. was therefore the savior of the mankind. He showed and guided us on how to solve the problems of humanity from women and children to slaves, the poor, and even to orphans. That was to establish the message from God (Allah S.W.T.) and to save us from the hot excitement of Hell by and by our death. Therefore, it is important for us to read and understand the Al-Quran and read the messages of Prophet Muhammad for the success in both lives on earth and the life after death. Moreover, the Prophet also took the brutal tribal system where the rights are not equal to everyone especially to women, children and the poor, and he reformed it into a system where everyone received the corresponding and equal amount of opportunity and chances.

Coca Cola Marketing Mix

coca plant-Cola Marketing Mix The marketing mix of coca plant weed has been ever-changing over time with more and more products being added such that today it has 3300 products, and many different ways of advertising all those products. But because of this Coca dummy is the brand with the highest brand equity. The 4 Ps of Marketing Product, worth, Place and Promotion Product This company has the widest range of beverages of 3300 products. The Beverages are divided into many groups with singular products in these groups, these are diet category, 100% fruit juices, fruit drinks, water, energy drinks, tea, coffee and more.Coca cola is the No. 1 brand in sparkling beverages, juice, and sell packaged water. Coca cola has its market presence around 200 countries. Coca colas other brands are Fanta, Maaza, Limca, sprite, Thums up, Minute Maid, Nimbu fresh, Nested iced tea and more. Price Because of the availability of the many different products the determine is done according to the m arket and geographic segment. Each different brand of Coca Cola has different pricing strategy. Their pricing strategy is based on the competitors pricing, Pepsi is the main competitor to coke.Beverage market is said to be an oligopoly market (few sellers and large buyers), thats why they form into confidence contract to ensure a mutual balance in pricing between the sellers. Place Coca cola is the worlds most favorite(a) brand and is available all over the world. Selling in mostly everywhere in the world, you can find all the favourite different brands of Coca Cola in every good-looking chain super market and in most little shops like corner shops. Promotion Coca cola uses various advertising and promotional strategies to create an increased demand in the market.They do this by associating Coca Cola with life style and behaviour and generally targeting value based advertising. You are more likely to see a coke ad being for a particular festival or in with a general positive mes sage. Coca cola uses CSR as its marketing tool to gain emotional benefits in consumers mind. The current promotions through CSR include go my school campaign with NDTV. It allows price discounts and allowances to distributors and retailers in order to push more products into the market.It employs both push strategy through promotions and pull strategy through advertisements and campaigns. also uses children in many adverts to get children interested in their products too. One of their most successful promotion idea was with farther Christmas, before coca cola St. chip off was wearing green but because of coca cola he is now the fat jolly guy wearing red that we all know now. Coca Cola targeted the most loved worldwide celebrated day of the year and tuned that days idol into something they created and will always be a big promoting point to them.

German Philosophers Essay

My paper is about Kants minds of progression which shall focus on a study of his works such as Idea for a Universal History and his most famous work What is Enlightenment? as nucleotide for analysis. This paper excessively explains the opposing views of Mendelssohn from Kants root words of progression. It go forth compare Mendelssohns idea of enlightenment from that of Kant. His contri saveion to the e homosexualcipation of Jews will be discussed too. I will include to a fault some ideas from other philosophers like Nietzsche on The Genealogy of Morality and Hegel on the philosophy of account.The opposing views of Mendelssohn on progression are also discussed pointing his views on secularization and enlightenment in relation to Kants views. A little will be discussed on Kants Perpetual Peace strive pointing it on a philosophical manner. Other philosopher such as Nietzsches views on morality using his work On the Genealogy of Morality shall be discussed in relation with Kants two slipway of distinguishing sagacitys (ethical and aesthetic theory). Introduction The primary objective of this paper is to discuss Kants historical theory of progression.The prime(prenominal) set out in understanding his ideas is to touch in his historical philosophy. Since the system engrossd for reconstructing Kants philosophical history is critical it results to unsatisfactory remarks thus the use of a horizontal approach is necessary. A more general issue of philosophical matters will usually submerge using the historical philosophy approach. This approach is helpful in understanding the dialogue between contemporaries because it item criticizes the idea of progression.The Kants theory of progression involves a strong case of particular criticism addressing these objections (i) the rejection of the idea of progression due to religions being secularized (ii) that his ideas on progression are chronologically unfair because this try to mean that the preferably generation gets a raw deal (iii) that progression delivers the species into end little unsatisfaction (iv) that progression adds to a harmful homogenization which may eliminate traditional values and practices (McCloughan 2003).The ways of judgment as distinguished by Kant such as the priori judgment and the posteriori judgment the former judgment explains that something is chi burnen a priori if it is neither derived from nor testable by eyeshot experience while the latter judgments is derived from or is testable by experience. These judgment means that we have no certain knowledge about experience, and according to Kant, he believed that we had such knowledge thus we ask the question How are synthetic substance a priori judgment? On the other hand, in Mendelssohns mind, aesthetics in family relationship to Kants theory of aesthetic is c digestly interrelated with psychology (Kant 1983). I. What is progress? Progress is a broad term that is believed to be an act of rejection throughout history by gracious communities of their attitude. However, an increasing number of intellectuals believe that the methods and spirit of science must be applied to all fields. Because of this belief, the idea of progress came to include a concept of social and moral progress.It was invoked that the cumulative improvement in gentlemans gentleman knowledge and power that had been brought about in the physical sciences could also be brought about in the organization of human society and its character if only these barriers against the employment of rational methods in morals, religion, and politics could be eradicated (McCloughan 2003). In pre-modern Western culture, the idea of progress challenged the thought that the golden age of humankind devised in the past and that the aging of the Earth involves decay for it and analogous to the aging of individual living organisms.Moreover, the idea of progress implies a trend to history and time that contrasts sharply with the cyclical conc eptions of time and of history that is dominant in past history. Finally, the idea of progress implies an activist role for humans in defining their rise up-being and in causing it, in the present and for the future (McCloughan 2003). II. Kants idea of progression and his ways of judgment According to Kant, humanity, as whole, was gradually progressing towards enlightenment that in that location is a progression that expresses the idea of the history of humankind.Moreover, it is directing towards a goal, which led to the development of shifting interpretations of this compendium nonion. Kant stresses the unplanned character of the development of history, which is more likely to go after on its way to a cosmopolitan world order. Progress toward the commencement of double-dyed(a) peace will be unpredictable and painful because while the process is undergoing, progress will adopt a more regular pace. Progress would also take the form of a more balanced development of human capac ities.Both at the national and international levels, spontaneous antagonism will non only holds up the process of development, but also ensures that such development as has taken place has failed to put attention to the all-important moral holding (Kant 1983). Progression would be the universal history of all humanity and it is very comprehensive that often takes the case with traditional universal histories, the future as well as the past. Nevertheless, progression is more than just a collection of all facts falling under the intersection of the concepts human and history.According to Kant, this would amount to what he calls an aggregate, a mere distributive unity, and would fail to satisfy reasons demand for systematic or collective unity (Kant 1983). When human beings emerge from his self-incurred minority, it is called Enlightenment that is, on a public level, the application of ones let understanding, improvement without the help of another individual. Kant asserted that it is the freedom of thought and all individuals can attain this freedom indiscriminately.While I agree that enlightenment transcends economic class and race, freedom of thought but it cannot practically be extended to everyone (Kant 1983). Furthermore, in Kants words, progress may be associated with human reason and talks about how things are presented to us. Human understanding is only interested of how it works but it not concern with the foundations. In Kants mind, however, neither sciences nor philosophy must answer to those questions, since this separate their innate capacities.Nevertheless, this does not mean that it is less worthwhile to answer questions on one side because he said that we could not construct any serious progress in physics, for example, while we turn over over the issue of whether it is logically consistent to talk about laws of nature. However, it does mean that whatever we are doing we are in an important respect, stopping to do philosophy. If this is corre ct, and then there is no chance of achieving progress in philosophy by adopting a paradigm that helps achieve progress, but only by making it dispense with to be philosophy (Kant 1983).Kant saw the problem of knowledge was on the issue of how to connect the is of sense experience with the must of necessary and universal truth. First, we distinguish analytical from synthetic judgments. An analytic judgment can be ascertained by looking on the truth of such judgment which can be know by an analysis of the subject while a synthetic judgment can be ascertained by looking at the truth of such a statement which cannot be known through an analysis of the subject (McCloughan 2003). Philosophers before Kant stated that an analytic judgment was known a priori while the synthetic judgment was known a posteriori.The former were always and necessarily true but true only about the meaning and relation of words not about the world while the latter judgment was about the world but they could only be contingent or probable truths. Kant believed that we have no certain knowledge about experience and we had such knowledge. As a solution, he further adds that experience provides the content and the mind provides the structures that determine the way in which the content will be organized and understood (McCloughan 2003). III. Kant on the issue of moralityKant says in a moral sphere that he has denied knowledge to light upon room for faith because he believe that moral law cannot be justified by reason it can only be obeyed on its own sake. According to Kants ethical theory, which rests on the concept of duty, a good person acts out of duty not because he fears punishment but because it his duty. The unconditional imperative states that a person should act in such a way that it are possible for one to will that the maxim of ones action should gravel a universal law (Kant 1983).On the other hand, according to Kants aesthetic theory, which holds that judgment, give beauty to so mething, although they rest on feeling, but have sound claims although these are mere statements of taste or of opinion. This concept involves a judgment, which are on purpose for example, when a person judges something to be beautiful there is harmony of the experienced object with mental structure (Kant 1983). IV. Mendelssohns Views Mendelssohn believed that destiny should be divided into two separate categories.The first is the personal, private, and intellectual destiny of man and the second was the destiny as a citizen of a state or a public, duty-oriented destiny. In an enlightened society according to him, the need for culture is ideally eliminated and substituted by the virtues of Enlightenment (Mendelssohn 1983). Moreover, another important truth about the Enlightenment thinking is the possession of knowledge through experience and observation, education, and self-probing on an intellectual and phantasmal level. Moreover, by fulfilling these quests shall lead you to the p ath of Enlightenment.The idea of Mendelssohn on Enlightenment has distinguished the destiny of man through his roles as both a citizen of a state and between the role of a human to morality, religion, and personal philosophy. He discovers that this distinction is necessary because he believes that the personal interests of man as a human can do conflict with the interests of public man. According to him, the ideals of Enlightenment should be limited in their availability to man when it is in the best interest of the state and they should not meddle with work ethics or motivations, as they are necessary to the functioning of society (Mendelssohn 1983).V. Mendelssohns contribution to Jewish thought and secularization Mendelssohns principal contribution to Jewish thought concerns a declaration of inconsistency while he supports the abolition of excommunication while remaining loyal to scriptural law, and is willing to overlook such coercion. In Mendelssohns reply, Jerusalem Or On Relig ious Power and Judaism which was one of the first works in German to plead for freedom of conscience in religious matters, separates church and state, and the civil rights for the Jews.According to him, both states and church have as their final goals the promotion of human happiness. The state is permitted to enforce specific actions, whereas the churchs task is to convince its followers of their religious and ethical duties through persuasion alone (Mendelssohn 1983). Mendelssohn replied to the question of the act authority of Jewish law, and said that the ceremonial law originating from the Hebrew Bible is binding solely on the Jewish people and Judaism is a religion of revealed regulation but not of revealed beliefs.He further said that the existence and unity of God, the reality of divine providence, and the immortality of the soul should be declared on the grounds of inhering reason, not miracles or supernatural revelation. Mendelssohn was concerned with freedom inside one religion as well as freedom of religion for minority communities but he is still confirming the continued authority of Jewish law. He argued that by identifying the church and state in biblical Israel should end with the destruction of the ancient association of states and laws that preserve the universal principles of Jewish faith against errors into idolatry and polytheism.Until God arranges another indubitable supernatural revelation to the Jewish people, these laws will not lose their force to replace that of Mount Sinai. However, loyalty to the Jewish law does not prevent the Jews from expecting the legitimate duties of citizenship in an enlightened society (Mendelssohn 1983). Mendelssohn was seen as a forbear of the conflicting trends of German Jewry but Kant as well as Hegel viewed his synthesis of philosophical theism and traditional religious observance as outdated.Nevertheless, he was revered by the Enlighteners for having moved from the ghetto to modern society without a bandoning the Jewish tradition or the Jewish people. However, Mendelssohn was criticized for having paved the way to the loss of Jewish distinctiveness and, therefore, to assimilation. In retrospect, his thought and biography can be seen to have posed some of the fundamental issues of Jewish religious survival in secular, liberal society (Mendelssohn 1983).

Educational psychology Essay

I am a big prop whiznt of social cognition, and I am spillage away to use it in my schoolroom. I consider that is a scholar puts their mind to slightlything, and they re eithery try to accomplish that goal it sack be d ane. In order to elicit this response one moldinessinessiness frequently use the operative condition when it comes to training. People thrive on the words of former(a)s and their praise. In operant conditioning the organism learns that a particular carriage produces a particular consequence. If the consequence is useful or pleasurable, the organism run low unwrap lean to repeat the behavior to produce the consequence again.If the consequence is unpleasant, the organism pull up s views tend non to repeat the behavior. Pleasant consequences are sometimes called pay offs, and unpleasant consequences are sometimes called punishments (Berger p 42. ) This theory came ab bulge out by the studies of B. F. muleteer. This is where I tend to move towards metac ognition and self-efficacy. I count that when a pupil does tumesce on something it is quite satisfying, and they would like to see this result again. They noticed that when they studied herculean the reward was the good grade. They receive their grade and self-gratification sets in.If they did not study they may fail the test and they are then negatively reinforced because they do not pauperism to see this result again. I trust to use this conditioning and encourage my students to do well. I agnise they dejection do it they just fuddle to submit the right attitude and behavior about it. An example of this reinforcement is if I tell my student, good job, I really enjoyed that, when referring to a project they did the student leave most likely work harder and come up with and eventide more than impressive project. My student wants the affirmation that he did a good job.The student want the constructive reinforcement as it brings about a rewarding stimulus. This not f urther gets the student to do their work it also gets him thinking metacognitivly, which he pass on benefit from later on in life. He is exploreing at what he did to get my praise and analyzing what he did, and looking at how he can do better. This is exactly what I want from my students I want them to take an active role in their education. He does not know it, neerthe little my student through with(predicate) operant conditioning has arrived at a deep thought process. It is brilliant.As instructors I intrust we use operant conditioning every(prenominal) day. We will prompt our students with cues religious serviceing them arrive at the answer. In giving the students positive reinforcement they do get a true yearning to learn. It may start out as just for the reward, moreover it is my desire that eventually they realize learning is the reward. Classical conditioning is useful, and thanks to Pavlov we see that it works. I do want to condition somethings so that there is a n automatic response. For example, when I hold my students quite flock they will automatically respond to my verbalize, I know optimistic.In general though I prefer operate conditioning as it goes deeper into thinking. I again go with the cognitive approach when it comes to penury. When person internally processes something it becomes more real. It means more to them. When a student reflects on his work and looks at how he can improve upon it. This very closely reflects extrinsic motivation. Here someone does something to obtain something else. This could relate to the student who studies to obtain a good grade. I like this theory and will apply it to my schoolroom, because I really want to get my students gears work outing.They emphasize the importance of creating learning environments that encourage students to become cognitively en muckled and take responsibility for their learning. This goal is to get students to become motivated to expend the move to persist and mat ide as rather than simply doing good enough work to just get my and make passing grades (Perry, Turner, & Meyer, 2006, p 467. ) If my students can come to the geological period of realization that studying equals doing well in the sectionalisation I am in a good spot. Many students know this but they do not fully believe it because they have never tried (Wigfield, 2006, p 463.)Even stronger than this is intrinsic motivation. This motivation becomes so real to the student when they realize they can self- locate their outcomes. I love this method so more than. The student is growing and understand how to truly learn, they are learning that what they learn truly effects them. In this view, students want to believe that they are doing something because of their own will, not because of external success or rewards (Deci, Koestner, & Ryan, 2001, p 464. ) They have learned to stop relying on others they have learned to push themselves through life.Researchers have found that students inte rnal motivation an intrinsic interest in school tasks increase when students have some choice and some opportunities to make personal responsibility for their learning (Grolnick, 2002, p 464. ) I want to motivate them by surrendering them some freedom in my descriptor. I will wee-wee my students choices because they then be more motivated to do the work with all their effort. The thing is, whatever choice they make they are still learning in like manner they are processing it all through information processing to make authoritative that how they are acting now will be duplicated.They know their actions established a response from me, which was giving them more freedom. They enjoyed this stimulus and will want it to continue, so they will work really hard. This loops them all the way back to operant conditioning and positive reinforcement It is all connected. Another big thing with this idea is interest. Interest is especially linked to measure of deep learning, such as recall of main ideas and responses to more difficult comprehension questions, than to surface learning, such as responses to simple questions and verbatim recall of text (Wigfield, 2006, p 466.) This is where I hope my passion for recital comes in. I want to get my students excited about invoice. If I do get my students excited they will lay down interest and if they show interest they will understand the history at a deeper level than they normally would. My management plan also fits in with these ideas. I am freeing to run my classroom according to the authoritative perspective. I will be the teacher and the students will follow my rules, but they will be integrated into the classroom.My students will have a say as to what goes on in my classroom, in our classroom (Baumrind, 1971, p 513.I will manage my classroom with effect rules that can be up for change depending if the students do not agree with the rules. To function smoothly, classrooms need clearly defined rules and agencys . Students need to know specifically how you want them to behave. Without clearly defined classroom rules and procedures, the inevitable misunderstandings can breed chaos (Evertson & Emmer, 2009, p 515. ) I will have my procedures laid out at the beginning of the year so that the kids will have excuse when they do not follow the rules. I will be integrating William Glassers management plan.He suggested that there be a classroom meeting every once and while. This is just a chance for the students to say yes or no regarding structures of the classroom. I will also manage my classroom by listening to what my students have to say. I want them to know that I do bursting charge. I want them to trust me. If there is mutual peace surrounded by us, there will be far less conflicts that arise. When most of us think of your favorite teacher, we think of someone who cared about whether or not we learned. exhibit that you genuinely care about student as single(a)s apart from their academic wo rk economic aids gain their cooperation (Pianata, 2006.) Students olfactory sensation safe and secure when the teacher shows that he cares. The classroom atmosphere if much more relaxed. It is not up tight and tense. If I teach like this a lot of anxiety and stress will be avoided. Target Group I am getting my teacher degree in secondary education. I will be teaching at the last school level. I would like to, at least some point in my career, teach in the Christian school system. I grew up in it, and I love what their mission is. I also would not mind teaching in a world school. It would be good experience for me and help me grow as a teacher.I would like to teach in traditional public schools and in Christian schools. I would like the experience of both. in the public eye(predicate) schools would allow me to reach out to those who are really in need and to those who thirst for knowledge and cannot get it anywhere except through free public education. This would be especially t rue if I were in an inner city situations. I would not mind this at all as I provide now helping with inner city children. I have a heart for them and would love to serve as a teacher there someday. I want to offer them knowledge and help them meet their full potential.I also would like to teach at a charter school. I observe a classroom at a charter school and I really liked. It is a good system and is run well and I would like to be a part of it, at least for a time. So, I am happy at any school I will go where God sends me. The ages that I will be teaching will be ranging from the age of thirteen to nineteen. It is my hope that I will be teaching history. there is a scarcity of history teaching jobs right now, and I hope that will be able to stimulate one. I absolutely love history and I really want to teach it.The other subjects I would be teaching would be biology or just a general knowledge class, and depending on where I teach, bible class. I would also like to teach at a smaller spirited school, about six-hundred to seven-hundred students. A big high school with two thousand people, I believe, is too impersonal. A smaller high school, like my own, is just the right size and encourages kids to get to know one another. similarly, in a big school I could not be as relational to the students as I would want to because there would be so many in all my classes. Environment and RoutinesIf things are not explained clearly, or if things are not put in a well thought out manner a teacher may run into behavior problems. In order to create good student behavior I plan to take the three-step approach that the Wongs developed. I need to teach my students how to follow procedures, or else I will run into problems. I must(prenominal) rootage explain the classroom procedure as clearly as I possibly can, and if there are questions I will answer them. Also it is a good idea to pass around my procedures at the beginning of the semester or at the beginning of a certain activity so the students know what is expect.After I explain what is going on I should practice or rehearse the procedure until it becomes routine. Behaviors must be taught, modeled, practiced, and retaught (Wong p 175. ) In going over the procedures repeatedly the students then understand what is expected of them. Finally I must reinforce this procedure and I also must reinforce what is the wrong procedure. After going about this my students will know exactly how to act and what is expected of them, and there should be very fewer behavioral problems. A positive classroom environment involves both the teacher and the student. The students must respect the teacher and his authority.They must listen to what the teacher has to say, and they must be disciplined when they do not. The teacher also must respect the students. He must listen to what the students have to say, and he must not make it a dictatorship where the classroom is harsh and rigid in structure. The kids are onl y human. A positive classroom environment encourages participation and risk-taking because students know they will not be harassed or belittled by the teacher. Students do not have to shrink within themselves to survive the forty-five minutes, ninety minutes, or full day with teacher who yells, throws things, or makes hurtful comments.In a positive classroom environment students can make jokes, engage in their learning, banter with the teacher, and feel comfortable with the tasks regressn. (Kendrick) In a classroom a teacher should be boost to his students. He should let the students know that he believes in them. Students do not do well in class when their teacher does not believe in them. They stop trying, viewing themselves as failures, and it carries on later into life. I want to have a positive classroom environment. In order to achieve this I am going to teach from an authoritative classroom management style.I will encourage my students to think for themselves, if I think f or them no real learning is accomplished. I will engage my students and show that I do care about them. I will listen to what they have to say and if things need to be changed I will. I will allow them freedom within their education and learning in my classroom but I will still crystalize the rules and establish the standards with some student input. I am not there to be their friend, but I do want them to understand that I care about them and to have some say in their education.I care whether or not I learn, and if I am doing something wrong I want them to feel comfortable telling me. To achieve a connection with the students I must be a good oral communicator. I must clearly communicate the information I am presenting. I will use words and ideas that meet the level of understanding of my class. I do not want them getting lost in my rhetoric. They will automatically tune me out if they think I am teaching above them I have even done this myself without realizing it. Also many teac hers speak way too fast and the students cannot keep up, or the teacher talks way too slow and the students are lost to boredom.I must teach at an distinguish pace so that my students learn and remain interested. When I teach, especially in history, I must be precise. I am going to avoid being vague. My students will fail or do below their academic level if I am vague. I also will not just teach the facts facts are what lose classes when it comes to history. History is so much more than just dates and it is still pertinent today, even though they are just a bunch of, old dead guys. Also I will have what I am going to do for class planned out.I do not want to be disorganized, and I am not going to wing it through my teaching. I will have my lesson ready for each class so that I am ready to teach. The students will then have confidence in me as their teacher and I will not lose time to senseless things. (Florez, 1999) Each class period I am going to start with a couple of facts of history that happened on that day. This would just be a fun way to start off the class period. It is incessantly to cool to see what happened in the past. I will begin each class with the objectives for the day so that the students know what we will be covering.I will not always give out note sheets for my lesson, but sometimes I will hand out fill in the blank notes so that they can keep up and still learn. I will have them ready before hand each period. Also I do plan to have some class projects. At the beginning of the year I will number them off as to create assemblys of four I believe more than this can be counter-productive. As the year goes on I will let them choose their own groups this being because I now know the dynamics of my classroom much better, and I can switch people if I know work will not be done.Every week I will allow the students to choose from a list of events in history relating to the period we are covering in class. I will have them explain what happened and how it relates to us today, and what we can learn from it. This project will consist of a one to two page paper and a one to two minute presentation. All history is relevant history and I want my students to understand that. As a history teacher, I would like major historical events to be represented on my walls. I am going to be going to be teaching secondary education.I will not have the cute and cuddly decorations, but I will still have things that will bring the classroom to life. One thing I must have in my classroom no matter what, is a copy of the Declaration of Independence. I will also have the students add to the classroom with their projects and other things they do so that they feel a part of the classroom. I want to have a classroom where the students are excited to be there, in good measure of course, so that it is not so distracting that they do not learn. Twice a week I am going to hold a classroom meeting.This is a meeting to make sure that my students are unde rstanding the material, and that I am teaching to their needs. This is where the students really get to give their input on the class and what is going on. This idea was set by by William Glasser. It follows my method of teaching, authoritative, and fits how I would like to relate to my students. This would take up to ten or fifteen minutes, but I do not believe it is wasted time. I will start off the meeting to see if anyone has any questions about the subject/time period we are on. I will establish if they are understanding it enough or not.Then I will ask for suggestions on things I can improve upon, and also ask for things that they like. I will then change some things and keeps some things according to how I think the classroom would best fit the current needs of the students. I will make sure to always hand my students test within a week of the test date. I also appreciated it when the teacher had a set time that they would get my test and assignments back to me. I believe it is important for them to see how they did and then gage how they can improve for the beside time. At the beginning of the year I will establish things like this with them.They will then know what to expect from the class. I will set up my rules and regulations and procedures so that they will know how to act in my class. Also, every class period at the end I will have them write a few sentences on how what we learned in class effects us today. I want them to understand how the history we are learning relates to their own live and their interactions with others. motivational Strategies Motivation focuses on mainly two categories, behavioral and cognitive. One of the big pushes in motivation is rewards or inducings.These are positive or negative stimuli that tantalise the student to succeed. This can be allowing the student to do something special, such as playing computer games or going on a field trip. The other big approach is internal motivation. The students thoughts are what guide their motivation. Motivation is what pushes students forward towards their objective. The cognitive perspective encourages giving students should be given more chances to do things of their own desire and to give them more responsibility. They are then taking their education into their own hands.They will have much more incentive to do well and strive for perfection they are of course still monitored and rules still do apply. This strategy focuses on goal setting, planning, and monitoring gain toward a goal (Shunk, 2008, p 462. If a student has a goal before them they will want to achieve it. This strategy has the student look at how their actions determine the outcome of their school work. They take responsibility and gain more incentive to do well. There are another two main types of motivation associated with behavioral and cognitive motivation internal and external motivation.Internal motivation is formed by our own wants, needs, and what we like to do. It is determin ed by your personal values and goals. The lead to do something because it is interesting, challenging, and absorbing is essential for high levels of creativity. Enjoyment based internal motivation is the strongest and most pervasive driver as is a belief that it is a good or right thing to do. Often it is something we pursue even without a tangible result. (Weisner) External motivation is the second kind of motivation. External motivation focuses much more on rewards than on ones likes or goals.Your motivation to attain your goal comes from a source outside yourself. It reflects the desire to do something because of external rewards such as awards, money, and praise. (Weisner) This motivation ray of light is much less satisfactory than internal. In my classroom I will use this motivation, but I will try to use internal motivation when I can. If a student is doing something because he is motivated by rewards it is not near as enjoyable if done for self interest. I will use both in my classroom as, unfortunately sometimes rewards and external motivators are the only ones to get them to do their work.Some kids need incentives to be motivated to achieve their best, or to even try. They add interest or excitement to a classroom and in turn motivate them to do well. This is especially true of those who seem to not even care about the class (Emmer & Evertson, 2009, p 460. ) If I see that there is just about of a lack of interest in what I am teaching I could implement a game. The more they know the better they will be at the game. Most people are competitive by nature, especially those who do not care it seems. So , a game in my class would motivate them to pay attention and learn the material.We could play history hot potato. A ball would be thrown around as history questions would be asked, if they took too long the student would have to sit down. The winner would then get maybe some extra credit points, or if I feel generous maybe some candy. In reaching the kids who do not care, I believe this is the best method. If they get something for learning they will start stipendiary attention. This is not the most desirable, but this is sometimes the route that must be taken. (Skinner, p 236) There are also those who are just plain hard to reach most of the time this stems from no confidence in themselves.I will most often use the cognitive approach when it comes to this. I will encourage them to set goals. I will encourage them and I will make sure they understand that they as a student can efficaciously control their environment. (Shunk) I will constantly encourage them and remind them that they are smart and that they can do it. I will also use Skinners operant conditioning in this situation. I will use positive reinforcement. I will reinforce their work with a smile, or a good job. Students feed off the praise of their teachers we as humans naturally want to please others.Problem Behaviors The behaviors of students are not always contr ibuting(prenominal) to the classroom and can cause disruptions. I will implement some rules so that they know exactly what is expected and I will have less problems. One rule that I think should be followed in my classroom is that the kids must be in their desks when the bell rings. This is a really good rule, because so much time can be lost on a class period just by making people sit down at the beginning. Another rule I would have for my classroom would be my students would have to bring all their books and materials to class.This rule is good as it is a bewilderment to people when someone leaves the room. A third rule I would have in my room would be hands to yourself. This rule prevents not only distraction between a couple people, but it also helps prevent distraction for others in the class. Another big rule I will have is no swearing, cursing, profanity, coarse jokes, or vulgar of any kind will be allowed in my classroom. They are not called for and should not be used, le t alone in my classroom. A fifth and final rule I would implement would be that my kids would have to raise their hands to answer a question.If the kids just blurt out answers it will be chaos and I will not be able hear what people are trying to say. These five rules will help run my class smoothly. Rules however are not a safety net against behavioral problems. When dealing with behavioral problems I am not going to send my student to the principals locating right away. The most desirable action when dealing with behavior problems is to work it out with the student first after trying hard to work it out if the student still refuses to listen then more drastic measures must be taken. I would at first use minor interventions.(Evertson and Emmer, 2009, p 528. ) Nonverbal communication can be very useful when dealing with disruptions. One thing I could do is when a student is acting up is take make eye contact with them. I could give them the look, and convey with my eyes that what t hey are doing is not appropriate or I could make signs such as shaking my head, hand signal, or put my finger to my lips. This simple action lets the student know that they must get back on task. Another thing I could do is to keep the activity going. When there is not time in between things a student no longer has time to be disruptive.This way one does not even have to address the behavior issue it is eliminated by procedure. attitude can even change the behavior. I can move the spot where I am teaching from. If a student is acting up I can move over by them and usually they will quite down and get back to work. Sometimes the student just needs to be reminded what they are supposed to be doing, I could address the class reminding them what they are supposed to be doing in doing so the distracted student gets back on task. Also, a student may just need to be told no. I would need to keep eye contact and keep my voice down.I would address them with assertiveness and tell them that their actions are not accepted. I could also give the student a choice. He can either behave or accept the consequences. This makes him think and he will most likely choose to be good as to avoid a negative consequence. These strategies most often work as the student just gets off task and needs a little nudge in the right direction. The strategies above stem from positive and negative reinforcement and correlate with Skinners operant conditioning. The student, however, will not always respond to these strategies and more drastic measures.The students will not always cooperate and sometimes more moderate action must take place. Some students will abuse privileges, be disruptive, or interfere with my work with individual students. There are always the students who completely abuse the privileges they have been given, when this happen the teacher can take it away. This takes away an activity that the students use to enjoy and the next time they will think about their actions twice. Th ey will not want to lose their freedom again. Also if a student acts up I could rent the student from positive reinforcement.If the student is removed from his element the gratification of his actions is taken away. I could take the student into the hall and talk to him one on one. This is never a pleasant experience and should stop the student from repeating the action no one likes to hear, can I see you in the hallway please. Also I could impose a penalty such as extra homework this needs to be done with care so as to not stem more annoyance with the class. (Evertson, Emmet, Worsham, 2009, p 528. ) Also I could have my student attend detention for their inappropriate behavior. This enforces that their actions will not be tolerated.The teacher is given command over the student, who is expected to be respectful, submissive, and willingly obedient. When the pupil does not readily conform to the request made on him, discipline becomes necessary. By this is meant the use of coercive measures to bring about the desired behavior. (Phenix p 41) If these actions still do not work a trip to the principals office or a phone call may be in order. Assessment Assessment is a big part of education, and helps a teacher gage how their students are doing. There are two main types of prisement in education, informal and formal. Informal is used here to indicate techniques that can easily be incorporated into classroom routines and learning activities. Informal assessment techniques can be used at anytime without interfering with instructional time. Their results are indicative of the students performance on the skill or subject of interest. Unlike standardized tests, they are not intended to provide a comparison to a broader group beyond the students in the local project (Navarete. ) I will use a variety of informal assessment to tools to gage how my students are doing. One tool I will be using is regular homework.This will tell me if they can grasp the subject enough that when asked to dive into the book and the content that they can give back to me a fair understanding of what is presented. Another tool I could use would be journaling. I would have my students journal about something they find interesting in what we are studying and then defy how good their understanding of it is. When my class plays a game I can also check to see how well they know the material if they are struggling for the answers something must done. Also general observation of my students is informal assessment.I would look for participation and understanding in class, and also as I would walk around I would observe their work. (Navarete. ) Formative assessment is utilized to immediately determine whether students have learned what the instructor intended. This type of assessment is intended to help instructors identify material which needs to be clarified or re-taught and should not be used to survey or grade students. Results of formative assessment can assist instructors t o ascertain whether curriculum or learning activities need to be modified during a class session or before the next class meets (Formative.) I would quizzes mainly to judge this assessment. This is a quick way of assessing how much they know. It gages their current progress, not their progress as a whole. Other things would be reading quizzes to see if they get the material I have asked them to go over. It could also be something like a minute write where I have them write down something that tells me they understood what I thought during class that day. These tools give me a fast analysis or where they are at. Another assessment like this is the summative assessment. This assessment documents the students performance.This assessment uses a lot of standardized tests and things related to that format. This allows the tester to understand where the students are at as a whole. In the classroom I would use this when administering unit end tests. I can see how they have progressed and I can assess what to do better for the next unit. A Measure I would measure my students how they are doing on my tests and assignments, if they are failing I am doing something wrong. This, however, is not the only way that I would measure if my management plan was working. I would, as stated above, have classroom meetings.This would give me an opportunity to discuss with my students how the class is going. This would be my chance to get input on them on what I am doing right and what needs to be changed. I would hope that they would be mostly well-provided with the way things are going, but if they are not I will change my plan so they can learn better. This of course goes back to William Glasser and it also goes back to the authoritative management style. Glasser is very keen on having students involved in the classroom and the teaching process. I very much agree with him. The sound judgement of my students is very important to me.The authoritative plan also focuses in on the stud ents role. They need to have a hand in their education. If their voice is not heard, the students will just continue to fail and the teacher will not know why. So, if my plan is working well my students will do well on their tests, quizzes, and assignments and they will have positive things to say at our classroom meetings. Our relationship will be a cordial one and not one of animosity. Completed Rubric 1. I believe that I have a very compelling argument for my planned proposal. It fits to the rest of my paper and sets a agent for how I will go about running my classroom.I have many cited supports and they were all knowledgeable on the subjects I discussed. 2. I described all five of the target groups at a satisfactory level. I let the reader know exactly what my future looks like for teaching. The reader can look at any one of the components and know what I want to achieve in my vocation. 3. I believe that I very effectively communicated my rules policies and management ideas in such a way that is very understandable to students and teachers. This letter home is in a very nice format with great colors, and it is pleasing to the eye. It is attractive and professional.

With Reference to a Named Example

A disaster hotspot is an area with a vulnerable universe of discourse at risk from 2 or more hazards. The Philippines are considered a disaster hot spot. The Philippines are exposed to more than 2 hazards, geophysical and hydro-meteorological such as earthquakes and tropical tempests these hazards are more affective as he Philippines is known for having a vulnerable, poor, population meaning it has a lower capacity to cope.The Philippines are largely stirred by geophysical hazards, mainly by tectonic hazards such as earthquakes and volcanoes, these hazards occur due to the Philippines geographical location, it is located between 2 destructive plate boundaries of the Eurasiatic plate and the Philippines plate which when submerging under one another create allot of friction which causes heat, this melts the submerging plate under the Philippine islands themselves which form volcanoes on the islands such as Mayon which prove to be quiet catastrophic when erupting.The friction create d by the submergence of the plate can as well as be felt as an earthquake and as the plate boundaries are quiet abutting to the islands the earthquakes are generally more powerful like the Manila earthquake January 11, 1982 which was registered 6. 9 on the Richter scale. As the Philippines are also surrounded by sea and oceans tsunamis is a large possibility, when an earthquake under sea occurs the water above it gets shaken causation waves which get larger as they close in to the shores.This is a large threat to the Philippines as it is formed of 7 thousand islands most of them relatively close to the sea level meaning that they can get submerged by waves not that high, a 7. 9 magnitude earthquake hit the east be of the Philippines on August 16th, 1976 1211 A. M. , this created a tsunami devastating 700km of coastline bordering Moro Gulf in the North Celebes Sea this tragedy left 5,000 dead, 2,200 missing, 9,500 injuries and a total of 93,500 deal left homeless.Hydro meteorolo gical Hazards also affect the Philippines like Tropical storms, as the Philippines are located 5-20 above the equator which is considered as being the tropical storm belt so deadly tropical storms are quiet common, Washi 2011 was one of the worlds deadliest storms of 2011 which left 1,000 throng dead and many more homeless. Droughts also are a major occurrence like the February 2010 drought caused by the El Nino oscillation, losing the country 2. 5 million metric tonnes of strain and corn where 800,000 hectares of rice and cornfields were already affected by other problems.This damage caused 33 million US dollars worth of damage which was predicted to ride to 400 million. The high vulnerability of the population gives the Philippines a very low capacity to cope. This is due to the high levels of poverty (26. 5% in 2009) this means that people cannot afford to prepare for hazards, like take a leak storm proof/ earthquake proof infrastructures. High population density at the coasta l regions, like the capital Manila, means even more people are prone to flooding and tsunamis and also mudslides and also in higher concentrations so if a hazard does occur more people are affected at the same time.

Entrenched Authoritarian State Essay

Despite elements of democracy, with the Kaiser at the Head of the Constitution and holding such significant world-beaters, Wilhelminian Germany was clearly structured to maintain authority and keep the provide arduous at the top. The issue is whether or not in practice the differentiate was totally authoritarian and how far Germany was stuck in authoritarianism, or in other speech how much(prenominal) potential for advancement towards democracy there was. It also needs to be established what is meant by an authoritarian rural area as the Kaisers power can be seen in the echoion of other powers the Kaiser was the head of the forces & appointed the premier, therefore the authoritarianism & power of these two can be seen to reflect the authoritarianism & power of the Kaiser. Even areas where the strength of influence from Prussian elite group group is dominant can be seen as indicating an authoritarian state as the elite thrive in authoritarianism & bureaucrats flourish under voiceless monarchy.True democracy must involve the people, sooner than vindicatory the bureaucrats, having a strong influence & active part in how the country is run, as only then is everyones interests given a fair chance to be considered. EXAMPLES However, the Structuralist theory, to a great extent influenced by Marxism, argues the traditional Prussian elite were not supporting the Kaisers power, alone seeking to fill the power vacuum left by his faint personality and the limited constitutional power of the Reichstag. This can be seen as being actively done when, instead of making an enemy of the new industrial elite, they form an alliance with them. It could be argued that this alliance actually encouraged authoritarianism as it suppressed the forces of democracy, further with the Prussian elite directing society rather than the Kaiser authoritarianism can be said to have decreased whether or not democracy decreased with it.Further evidence of the influence of the traditiona l elite is the success of the hugely influential Navy League with its one million members and other pressure groups. While on the surface it seems to support a much history from below theory as it was supported by the grass roots of political activity, it was actually heavily funded by industrialist who had allied with the elite, meaning it was possibly vulnerable to the control of the elite. Also, even by the eve of the First World War, the elite appeared to be maintaining their power because even Bethmanns 1910 constitutional plan to fake the rich-bias 3 tier Bundesrat voting system was dropped in the face of Conservative opposition. The Conservative elite flexed their muscle again with their successful pressure on lachrymation down the inheritance tax in the 1905 budget.However the Army Bill that was later passed included an inheritance tax, but this did not happen until 1913, so whether or not this shows the power of the elite depends on whether emphasis is put on how long i t was held off for by the Conservatives or that they were not powerful enough to nix it. The Conservative elite within the political science, such as the Chairman, also tried to maintain power by conducting policies of moderate reform to weaken the socialist opposition, primarily the SPD, but the policies did not have the desired great effect. The SPD did support the 1913 Army Bill despite their beliefs supposedly being anti-navy expansion as it was Imperialist, but this does not suggest the opposition from the SPD had been lessened because the bill was actually supported by them because it involved taxing the rich. In fact, statistics show that the SPD was strengthened over the years by 1912 it held 110 seats in the Reichstag, replacing the Centre Party as the largest party.Furthermore, this rise in number was directly in the wake of Bethmanns endanger Insurnce Code demonstrating socialists couldnt be paid off by welfare policies. Bismarck famously described the Constitution as a n empty vessel whose contents are determined by those in power suggesting the direction in which Germany is steered is entirely dependent on who is the Kaiser, only changing with succession of Kaisers. This is very much a view belonging to the personal rule theory on who held the power that the system was based on court flattery, favouritism & cliques due to the Kaisers instability. The structure of the Constitution, although supposedly democratic, demonstrates how power was concentrated at the top. It was the authorities (the Kaiser and the Chancellor), not the Reichstag or Bundesrat, calling the shots on what was to be discussed.This, combined with the allowance of the Kaiser to dismiss the Chancellor or dissolve the Reichstag, could essentially enable the Kaiser to severely hinder the progression of any policies that displeased him. The power to dismiss the Chancellor was not an empty power it was exercised by Wilhelm in 1909 due to Bulows failure to defend the Kaiser to the res t of the government after the Daily telegraphy Affair, proving the Kaiser could & would use the powers he had. However, this could not just be done on a whim, but rather Wilhelm had to wait for a sufficient reason, such as the failure of passing a budget, to be seen to be in keeping with the spirit of the Constitution. Moreover, the public clearly thought they were a democracy as they objected to the Kaiser giving the impression in the Daily Telegraph that he made all the decisions in government & were angered that he admitted to having not read the Constitution.Furthermore, that the public were allowed free critical press, evidenced in the newsprint criticisms of the Daily Telegraph incident & Zabern Affair, can be argued to be a clear indicator that Germany was not entrenched in authoritarianism because in in truth authoritarian states, such as Russia, criticism in newspapers would be censored and opposition or pressure, like that of the SPD or Nationalist groups, would be boyco tted. Therefore, the public vociferation to these events showed that among the public there was a spirit of democracy, not a belief in authoritarianism, suggesting Germany was not entrenched in authoritarianism, but ready and prepared to reverse more democratic. Any attempts of authoritarianism being increased were generally met with public opposition. However, public opinion & the freedom of it is not necessarily enough to constitute an un-authoritarian state the limitations of the Reichstag mellowedlighted the lack of true democracy being the democracy in the Undemocratic State as the Reichstag is limited in its power.The Reichstag was supposedly the source of democracy for Germany, but has since been called by Karl Liebknecht merely a fig-leaf for absolutism, the veil covering the truth that Germany was still authoritarian. The Reichstag was made of weak, divided parties causing occasional failure to support one some other & meaning no strong bloc against the authorities as th e separate parties views often differed. For instance Schiedermans call for the resignation of Bethmann was ignored & not openly supported by fellow politicians. Even when the Reichstag did agree & make own call fors as a whole they were often ignored because both the Chancellor and the army were only responsible to the Kaiser, for example Bethmann did not resign after the Reichstags vote of no confidence following the Zabern Affair and Bulow easily silenced demand for constitutional change after the Daily Telegraph Affair with an apology.While the Reichstag was important in respect that it was needed to pass legislation, Bismarck had reduced their powers firstly with his 1874 Septenimal Act where the Reichstag could only vote on the military budget once every seven years and then his switch to protectionism in 1879 increasing the governments income gave financial independency from the Reichstag. On the other hand, despite this overall decrease of Reichstag powers, there was an i ndication their influence was on the up again by the eve of WW1 with the Reichstag allowed to vote on military budget every five years instead. This could be seen as showing gradual change and enough high demand for change to have effects like these, thus shedding light on the potential for democratic advancement & the willingness of the public for reduction in authority, meaning authoritarianism was not entrenched in German society. In conclusion, the power the Kaiser had over the Chancellor, the Constitution & the army equated to an authoritarian state, but by no means was it stuck, or entrenched, in authoritarianism.The growing assertive nature of the Reichstag combined with popularity of different pressure groups and rise of socialist movements like the SPD, shows that there was, firstly a definite willingness for change, secondly the potential for change & lastly that gradual pushes for decrease in authoritarianism were starting to be made. Germany was still an authoritarian st ate, but if the First World War had not happened, turning Germany upside down, power may have shifted from the Prussian elite to the Reichstag, the Reichstags increasing assertiveness & demands index have evolved into a stronger power and the SPD may have grown so large that the socialist movement could have transformed Germany into a socialist state & decreased the Kaisers power itself.

Referral Article

In addition, when asked, menses employees would eve nonchalant answers such as l will have to think about it, I dont know. The full general structure of such a program is that there is an associated monetary bonus for the employees who refer candidates for open positions. The monetary bonus would be received after the referred employee passed a 90 day probationary window. A number of companies will actually limit the monetary bonuses received for referrals for employs too particular number per year.For the companies that do to run a monetary bonus for employee referrals, there is an offering of products or services to be redeemed, specifically products or services that are commonly used. In regards to employee-based referrals, it seems that the transit should be more streamlined and has a more concrete structure. Offering monetary bonuses doesnt seem like the best idea as it could motivate the current employees to suggest any random individual, rather that a solid qualified one. Instead of monetary bonuses, he companies should offer training to employees. For example a rare prospect for a class that isnt normally offered, it would encourage the employee to better themselves and the company they work for. The employee referral program is also a significant way for companies to diminish large live ways of finding employees, such as newspaper advertisement. The word of mouth idea is at its finest by using the current employees to recruit new ones. That is a great way to cut cost and yet get the Job done in a timely manner.

Problem at State Farm Insurance

Problem at State upraise Insurance there is too much mail sent to the clients. Despite the rattling(prenominal) customer service and reputation that State acquire Insurance has, they are also known for placard out an abundance of mail to their clients. Agencies receive regular client complaints that the mail sent is excessive and confusing. strange many insurance carriers that list all autos on the same policy, State Farm creates a policy for every home or vehicle insured creating individual mailers for each policy.For example, a household with five cars will get ten renewal letters in one yr at minimum, if there are no changes to the policies. As part of the policy update process by the automated system, all changes made to a policy generate a mailer with a new facsimile of policy declaration page. This becomes problematic as clients resent vast amounts of letters and being to ignore them. In many cases the clients refuse to read the letters which contain very serious inform ation (such as a cancelation notice or time sensitive requests for information) and their policies lapse.A recent example of this took place when an angry client named Kyle complained that he was not informed that his policy had canceled. When Kyle was told that State Farm mailed him several letters his response was I get so many letters from State Farm that I dont withal bother opening them This system I also useful and helps State Farm retain its clients by diligently reminding the clients of late payments to prevent cancellation obtain current policy holder information ensuring State Farm is collecting the correct premium.Automation also frees up time for State Farm employees to do more important tasks and saves the company money. If the problem of excess mail fixed and State Farm went paperless, State Farm would be considered a green company. The employees affected by the change would be the underwriters that could go paperless and become more effective however, the printer ma intenance people would be out of a job.

Observation and Gross Motor Skills

Observing a child back be a fascinating experience. Its amazing to see how a child can catch something so different than an adult. I recently observed my niece. Her name is Unique. She was born February 9, 2011, and is now two eld and four months old. I observed Unique on June 4, 2013 from one until about three in the afternoon, at daycare with but her teacher present. After leaving daycare I continued to observe her for a some more hours once she got to her grandm otherwises house, with her aunts present. Unique has one older brother and has just started daycare this year.Unique has amazing fine and gross motor skills, which is having a better control all over her hand and finger movements also having ability to control her arm and leg movements more. I watched her turn pages in her Dora book without any problem. As she finished looking through her book we scribbled unneurotic. Unique held the crayons perfectly, with both her catch and her finger. I also watched Unique clim b up and down off the sofa. We went outside for a few and I noticed how well she kicked the ball back and forth with her aunts that are ten and eleven.Unique gets together with daycare friends and begins to play games such as matching, coloring, going to play together outside. As they come together e genuinelyone is happy and enjoying their selves. I notice that ein truthone had a smile on their faces and in a good mood, everyone interacting in a good way, there wasnt any negativity. When getting together with adults she can be very alert and outgoing. She repeats a lot of what is being said. Unique talks and listens to what is being told. Unique and teachers are in the classroom having learning time.Teachers ask questions and sing songs as she answer the questions and sing along. Cooperating and enjoying learning time with the other kids. These observations can tell a lot about Unique and her study in many areas. Her development in different areas is good and understanding. I woul d consider the way she interacts and acts with others appropriate for her age. She is advanced and gets along with others very well when doing things such as talking, playing and laughing with others.

Wisdom of Whores

She past goes on to say hat religious dogma crushes our efforts to translate levelheaded data into good beehive prevention. (Pl 88, Plans) In the book It goes on to say that power meets religion, and then bullion follows power and everyone follows money. To me I feel as If religion would be a good way to soggy down the stash away epidemic because, at a younger age if youre told near how energise and how it rotter cause stash away which can cause death it would scare a lot of kids. If kids are training well-nigh sex in a religious manner I feel as if adolescents would follow it more. If I was growing up with this I would be abstinent till marriage.George W. Bush thought the self corresponding(prenominal) way that the only way to avoid HIVE Is to teach our children to be abstinent. Yes Plans brings In the argu manpowert of spermatozoan between wo men and men and how they need sex, further theres always ways around that like religion, and being taught to ascendency that u rge. She then goes on to say the increase of premarital sex and the decrease of prostitution would ultimately strike down the risk of HIVE. She goes on to bring out an example of Thailand saying that they have taught us that with fewer men paying for sex from prostitutes lowers the risk for HIVE Infection. Also with that, there would be a larger natural rubber use.I would have to dis retain with this because if there was an Increase of premarital sex, it would just be a whole good deal of untutored teenagers just going around having sex all the time. The only difference would be is that the men wouldnt have to be paying for this. She claims that condom use would be a lot higher, but if your increase premarital sex, condoms defiantly would not be used and the HIVE epidemic would be still be around. Yes I agree that the numbers would go down, but I feel It wouldnt go down that a lot to make this a great development. The teenagers would have to be educated approximately HIVE and educated near safe sex.One of Aphasias quotes had been theres enough HIVE for everyone, but in this little island of East Timer, theres actually wasnt enough HIVE for everyone. On this island there were many different HIVE organizations working on this island with not that many record infected people. On this island there were only about seven people with HIVE. From Planes conclusion she thought poverty, way children and joblessness does not make an HIVE epidemic In this society. Just because there wasnt enough prostitution or drug injection HIVE couldnt be high and all this money going onto this country about HIVE prevention wouldnt matter.In a society, I feel like poverty could cause HIVE because to begin with or later people in the society will be selling there bodies for money. From what I understand, is that not everyone on this island is educated enough to get an HIVE test, because they are not educated about what HIVE Is. There should be different programs In this country to educate the people of east limbo sot at n HIVE does not get around around Ana It stays ten same . Inure snout programs on safe sex using condoms, programs on not doing drugs and even prostitution.From tuition this novel, the most interesting of points that caught my eye is the battle between how AIDS and HIVE is blossom out throughout the dry land. Is it spread through sex and drugs? Or is it spread over poverty and gender inequality? Pisa believes that sex and drugs is the master(prenominal) dilemma when it comes to the HIVE epidemic. Pisa brings up the point with Africa because 2/3 of the people infected in the world live in the countries around Africa. She brings out a good quote that caught my eye, A schoolgirl in mho Africa is thirteen times more likely to be infected with HIVE than a woman who sells sex for a living in China. Pl 24-125, Pisa) Ultimately, I would have to agree with Meads that poverty and gender inequality causes HIVE in ridiculouser countries. In Afri ca, there is a humongous gap between the rich minority and the poor minority. With gender inequality, if men in a specific region are more literate then women HIVE will spread or of the population of a city is more males than women then HIVE will spread. Education is the biggest for me, where there is poverty, there are more uneducated people, and if those people dont know about safe sex, and diseases, then people will be infected.Where there is a society of poverty and uneducated people, both women and males will sell there bodies to make money and HIVE will be spread because unprotected sex would be taking distance. On the other hand I do agree with Pisa but in another circumstance. I believe sex and drugs does cause HIVE and AIDS but only in high industrial countries like the United States or France. When the HIVE epidemic came into place in the United States, it was said that it was spread through party drugs and also sex with gay men. In a poorer country, like Africa poverty a nd gender inequality spreads aids because of the structural violence.

Iphone Marketing strategy Essay

Since its prove, in 2007, and until the cobblers last of 2013, apple sold five hundred cardinal iPhones. Its an impressive number.in 2012 alone, apple sold 120 million iPhones,in 2013 orchard apple tree sold 160 million iPhones.Without a doubt, the iPhone has become a cult harvest-home, a essential ca-ca device.Which are the secrets behind the iPhone astounding success?To understand the spectacular iPhone success, and the iPhone phenomenon, we desire to start by analyzing the cellular band market in the course of studys immediately before the launch of the send-off iPhone, And the situation inside apple.Before the iPhone launch, infact, Apple was not a cellular telephone manufacturer, and had cypher experience in cellular telephones merchandising.Its only expertise was in computer hardware, computer software, and in man-portable music devices (the iPod).In 2005-2006, the cellular telephone market was considered a mature and saturated market, with narrow margins, domi nate by Nokia and Motorola. And by the Blackberry in the high end, especially in the business and corporate world, which were needing email writing, sending and receiving capability on their cellphone, with a suitable keyboard for texting messages.A mature and saturated market with a fiery competition, such(prenominal) as the cellphone market in 2005-2006, was allowing narrow margins, therefore was unanimously considered closed by financial and business analysts.When rumours came out, in 2005-2006, that Apple was in the process of developing a cellular telephone, financial and business analysts were at best skeptical. To be true, the consensus among financial analysts was that the Apple cellphone would have been a terrible flop. Some of them were privately saying that they were suspecting Apple executives had gone completely mad, to enter such a saturated and non-profitable market.Very few, among the business analysts, had the more objective attitude to barely wait and find one self.Then, the day came, and the iPhone was launched.But Apple began with 3 huge, terrible mistakes. We expand on them onwards.When the iPhone was launched, in June 2007, it make an impact. It impressed. The particle user interface and the sleek and beautiful de feature by Jonathan Ive and his team made it a masterpiece of technology and design.The iPhone was decidedly a superior product.had a host of pluses against the competition (Nokia, Motorola, Blackberry) It was a highly advanced product, a different product from the separate cellphones on the market at the time. Moreover, it was significantly larger and bulkier than the new(prenominal) cellular telephones in the market, when the market trend, for years, had been to have smaller and smaller cellphones the smaller cellphone you had, the cooler you were.The Apple iPhone went decidedly against the trend.Today, in 2013, with 500 million iPhones sold, and with Apple stock market capitalization at $500 billion, it is easy to aff irm that the iPhone has been a game changer. It surely has.Ultimately, today we can affirm that the appearance of the iPhone on the market caused the death of the Blackberry,and the loss by Nokia and Motorola of their previously dominant position in the cellular telephone market.The reason is simpleThe iPhone is a clearly superior product.Its touch control features, and its enticing user interface, made the iPhone become a cult product.But in 2005-2006, before it came out, things were different. And the perception was different when the iPhone first came out. No-one, in 2006, would have imagined that an Apple cellphone would have sold 500 million units in 6 years.. No-one would have thought this even in June 2007, when it was launched.The first generation iPhone was launched only in the US on June 29, 2007. It was subsequently launched in three more markets UK, Germany and France 5 months newr, in November 2007.In July 2008 the second generation iPhone, the iPhone 3G, was launc hed at the same time in the US, Canada, UK, Germany, France,Switzerland, Austria, Ireland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Italy, Spain, Netherlands, Belgium, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Mexico and Brasil.The third generation iPhone, the iPhone 3GS, was launched in June 2009.Each iPhone generation had more features that the previous generation, and had longer battery life, and rendered the previous generation iPhones obsolete.The fourth generation iPhone, the iPhone 4, was launched in June 2010. The iPhone 4S was launched in October 2011.The iPhone 5 was launched in September 2012.The iPhone 5C and 5S were launched in September 2013.Planned Obsolescence has been a conscious marketing strategy by Apple. Thus, any Apple costumers knows (or pretend not to know) that he buys a product that in 12 months lead become old and obsolete.However, examining the sales data, this planned obsolescence strategy paid off for Apple,But which were the 3 knockout marketing strategy mistakes that Apple made when it launched the iPhone?The 3 Mistakes that Apple made when it launched the iPhone.Mistake 1.To purchase an iPhone, you had to sign a 24 months contract with AT&T. You had to marry AT&T.And many potential costumers did not require this marriage.you were locked on a 24 months contract with AT&T. An expensive contract. In the end, if you were wanting to buy an iPhone, its existing cost was more than 2000 dollars.Why forcing your costumers to sign a contract with a serve up provider? And why a single provider, not giving any new(prenominal) choice?Why not let your costumers simply buy an iPhone, and let them free to arrange a contract as they please?Infact, there were numerous complaints by iPhone costumers and potential costumers, on this issue.Even, a widespread hacking practice took place, significantly called disruption on several websites appeared step by step instructions on how to hack the iPhone software to let it hightail it with a different service provi der.Infact, 3.3 million iPhones were sold in the US between June andl December 2007, nevertheless only 2 million contracts were signed with AT&T.Were did the re maining 1.3 million iPhones go?It has to be remarked that the iPhone jailbreak practice infurated Apple executives, who, instead of recognized their marketing strategy mistake, criminalized the jailbreaking behaviour, to the point of blackmailing costumers doing the jailbraking.Mistake 2.On June 29, 2007 the iPhone was launched in the US.It was put on sale only in the US, and in no other nation in the world.Only in November 2007, 5 months later, the iPhone was launched in a few other countries. To be precise, it was launched in just 3 other countries UK, Germany and France.In each of these countries with the same silly formula that Apple used in the US, forcing the costumer to sign a 24 months contract with a service provider. and in each kingdom with a different provider O2 in the UK, T-Mobile in Germany, Orange in France .This was a bad marketing choice by Apple.There were millions of potential costumers all around the world who were wanting to buy an iPhone, that couldnt, because in their own country it was not on sale.Many of them went to such length to ask to their friends in the US or traveling to the US to buy one for them. Finally, only on July 11, 2008, one in effect(p) year after the initial launch in the US, the iPhone was put on sale in other countries, in Europe Italy, Spain, Switzerland, Austria, Ireland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Netherlands, Belgiumand in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Japan, Mexico, Brasil. It was already the 3rd generation iPhone, the iPhone 3G and 3GS.Why so late?Besides, it is interesting to verify the jam and confusion of different tolls, terms and monthly fees charged by the service providers in theEuropean countries O2 in the UK, T-Mobile in Germany, Austria and Netherlands, Orange in France, Swisscom in Switzerland, Vodafone in Italy, Telia Sonera in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland.It was the holy formula to confuse potential iPhone costumers and push them away. A self-hammering marketing strategy by Apple.In our opinion, this was a totally wrong marketing strategy by Apple.Infact, numbers do not liefrom July 2008 until the end of 2013, Apple sold a total of 500 million iPhones. From June 2007 until December 2007 when the iPhone was available only in US only 3.3 million iPhones had been sold.Mistake 3 iPhone Pricing.On June 29, 2007, when the iPhone was launched in the US, its sell price was.$599. bonnie 3 months after, Apple reduce the iPhone price to $399 a 33% rebate . This was an unelegant way to betray and tap the iPhone early adopters Apple most faithful costumers. And infact, many of them complained with Apple.A smart and attentive company must not indulge in such serious mistakes, betraying their most faithful customer base.Apple had other 3 better optionsApple could have waited 1 year before reducing the price of the iPhone, or Apple could have delayed the iPhone launch for 3 months, or Apple could have set the iPhone retail price at $399, since the initial launch. Besides, in July 2008, the iPhone 3G was sold at $199,66% less than the launch price of just one year earlier.This is not a serious pricing policy.Consideration.Each of these 3 mistakes constitute a bottleneck factor which confused costumers, and seriously hampered the iPhone sales potential in the firstyear and a half.However, in the following years Apple corrected and amended these mistakes, and things went smoothly and successfully for the company.Infact, from 2008 until 2013, Apple sold 500 million units.in 2012 alone, Apple sold 120 million iPhones,in 2013 Apple sold 120 million iPhones.The iPhone was also a precursor product of the iPad.The iPad, infact, has numerous features and technologies which derive from the iPhone, the main one being the touch control system and the user interface. The iPad, infact, is a sor t of big companion of the iPhone.The iPhone certainly has been the key product of the spectacular growth of Apple revenues today at $156 billion in 1 year -, of Apple profits, and stock market capitalization today at $500 billion, devising Apple the 1 company in Wall St.See more at http//www.vertygoteam.com/apple/iphone_marketing_strategy.phpsthash.YDqfyvTj.dpuf