Investigatory Project Essay Example for Free

Investigatory Project EssayThis investigatory project is to be conducted to study the feasibility of Kalamansi (Citrus Microcarpa Bunge), Oregano leaves (Coleus aromaticus Benth.) and Kakawate leaves (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud.) as mosquito repelling lotion. As of today it is not only dengue virus, there is a new disease called chikungunya virus that is anarthropod-borne virus, of the genus Alphavirus, that is transmitted to humans by virus- airing Aedes mosquitoes. there have been recent breakouts of chikungunya associated with severe illness.It can cause death for many people. We all need a repel to protect ourselves from mosquitoes so this study is conducted to support people prevent these mosquitoes and its viruses by simply using Kalamansi, Oregano leaves and Kakawate leaves mosquito repelling lotion. Kakawates insecticidal study showed nematicidal action against Meloidogyne incognita nematode with 60% mortality mosquito repellent activity against Aedes aegypti wi th maximum 78% repellency (http//www.stuartxchange.com/Kakawati.html) Kalamansi have linalool that is utilise as insecticide (http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linalool) in Oregano, the oil was insecticidal to white termites It was more active than synthetic insecticides, (http//www.stuartxchange.com/Oregano.html) Mosquitoes can carry deadly diseases that cause thousands of illnesses and deaths each year.With the increase in international travel, no one is immune to mosquito-borne diseases. (http//www.mosquitomagnet.com/advice/mosquito-info/mosquito-borne-diseases) The researcher wants to prove that Kalamansi (Citrus Microcarpa Bunge), Oregano leaves (Coleus aromaticus Benth.) and Kakawate leaves (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud.) can be used as lotion in repelling mosquitoes.

I Believe Essay Example for Free

I Believe EssayBelief, according to www. freedictionary. com, is the mental act, condition, or habit of placing trust or confidence in a nonher. It atomic number 50 also have in mind the mental acceptance of and conviction in the trueness, actuality, or validity of something. Religion and science come in mind when legal opinion is the topic. There atomic number 18 these things we inspect faith and fact. Other topics appear like the strength of a family bond, friendship, effect of a teacher on a student, and relationships. Religion and science appear to be the most outstanding when it comes to topics like this. There are too many people who question the things that they swear in and there are also a lot of people who firmly hold on to their beliefs as well. If asked, I would most likely write about religion and science and put them together, if possible. I conceive in some of the scientific facts that we have so long held on to. For iodine, I believe that the theories and laws pertaining to physics are entirely accurate at the least, if not true in all instances. My every day experiences continue to reaffirm my beliefs in some of the most basic scientific facts.For example, the Earths gravity keeps everything in the planet bolted to the ground, in a manner of speaking. I walk every day and I am certain that the Earths gravity prevents me from aimlessly floating in the air. The scientific fact that there is always an opposing reaction to each draw is also evident in everyday life. From the moment I step on the concrete pathway to the moment I return to bed at the end of the day, each force of the movements that I make have corresponding opposite reactionary forces which I thoroughly believe with no doubt.There is this question whether we believe in beau ideal or not. In science, there is this question on where the universe has all started. As for me, I do believe in immortal and I believe that He created the universe. I believe that God has no begi nning and has no end. There are not too many occasions where I can relay a story where I can defend my belief in God and the creation of the universe. Although religion and science do not sum with each other all the time, there is something in me that bonds them together in my mind. When I say I believe in God, I do not reject my belief in science.I k forthwith that God created the universe, and the way He did it, thats where, I think, science enters. On virtuoso occasion, I was asked by a close recounting if I truly believe that God created the universe. Apparently, I responded on the affirmative. He then asked if my reply meant that I do not believe in science. Not necessarily, I told him. I explained that even though science seeks to quantify and establish facts through a rigid scientific method, one that prevents personal bias from getting involved in the identification of truthful facts, it does not necessarily mean that science also seeks to dispute religion.I told my relati ve to think of his corpse as an example. I told him that the human anatomy is composed of complex vital organs and processes that medical science has sought to explain and calculate in purely scientific ways. Certainly, human evolution has played a key role in the development of our complex bodily organs and processes, and that his body is the product of the millions of years of evolution. However, I asked him if he thinks that something can come from zip fastener.Puzzled for a brief moment, he replied that it is impossible for something to come from nothing for nothing has nothing in it to cause anything. I then asked if he believes in the Big Bang Theory, to which he responded that he is still thinking about it to this day. Regardless, I express that the Big Bang Theory can be reconciled with the idea that God created the universe. Personally, I give away it rather amusing that some people are having a difficult time thinking that the universe began with a Big Bang, and that beginning is Gods way to create everything that we can now experience.A masterful creator that God is, even the human body, I told my relative, has its roots from the image of God, and that human evolution is Gods way of parcel the human species adapt to the changing environments of the planet which God created purposively in that manner. I believe in God and that it was in His power that created the universe. But because there is belief, one cannot help but doubt as well. Doubt can weaken the belief, but sometimes it can strengthen it too.I believe in God and the theory that the creation of universe started from Him. But where is the proof that these even existed? As people typically say, there is no proof enough to transform the non-believer. For the believer, his belief are always enough to safeguard his religious thoughts. Although one may find it difficult to reconcile religion with science, there is no reason to believe that the two should always clash. On the contrary, relig ion can reaffirm scientific facts while these facts can also serve to reaffirm religious beliefs.That science seeks the truth is enough to think that it ought not to be bias against religion because the quest for truth requires an open and critical mind without having to first establish a variety from what religion espouses. That religion seeks to spread the same truth to humanity is enough to think that it ought not to dispose scientific facts as well. One can find plenty of common grounds between the two, and those are where people may begin to find their way into believing that science and religion can coexist in harmony.

Role of Merchant Marine for the Allies

Role of Merchant naval for the affiliateROLE OF MERCHANT MARINE IN SUPPORTING WAR EFFORT IN ASIA PACIFIC IN WORLD WAR II AND LESSONS FOR INDIAINTRODUCTIONThe men and ships of the Merchant shipboard soldier subscribe participated in every landing operation by the United States Marine Corps from Guadal natesal to Iwo Jima and we know they will be at hand with supplies and equipment when American amphibian forces hit the beaches of Japan itself.Lt Gen Alexander A Vandergrift, Commandant US Marine Corps1Merchant Marine in the Second World war. The role of merchandiser ocean in World contend II (WW II) has been comme il fautly expounded by many scholars. The merchandiser ocean ships as carriers of essential materials both for civilian sustenance as well as for continuance of struggle effort for both the Allies as well as axis of rotation powers became the raison d etre of some of the most sky strifes during WW II. Control of trans-Atlantic lines of communication for the All ies and their interdiction by the Axis powers lead to the Battle of the Atlantic which lasted the built-in duration of WW2.2 Highly publicized and extensively analysed, this battle remains the most epochal sea battle involving merchant marine. The Asia peace-loving expanse on the former(a) hand, witnessed trade contendfare of almost equal garishness but on a much lesser scale. The legalness of measures employed by both Axis and assort forces to interdict each other(a)s merchant marine in this region decided the outcome of the Pacific war to a large period.Asia Pacific Reversal of Strategies against Merchant Marine. What lends a modicum of uniqueness to the Asia Pacific region is that the policies adopted by Allies and the Axis powers against merchant exile here were diametrically opposite to those being adopted by them in the Atlantic field of view at the same point in time. Japan in the Asia Pacific was faced with the same challenges as Great Britian in the Atlantic i n foothold of dependence on Sea Lines of Communication (SLOCS) for sustaining her war waging effort. Her merchant tape drive was being targeted by the US submarine fleet much in the same manner that the German U gravy rides were sinking Allied shipping in the Atlantic. Yet, Japan could non put into place effective escort tactical maneuver uniform to those that the Allies employed against the German U boat wolf packs. In addition, Nipponese U boats remained largely ineffective in checking the Allied offensive owe to flawed doctrinal approach. Hence, chthonicstanding the reasons behind this reversal of strategies towards trade warfare is germane to understanding the boilersuit contribution of merchant marine in the Asia Pacific. success of Allied Merchant Marine Support. While Japan was economically strangulated through interdiction of her merchant marine, the Allies innovated to keep their ships fighting fit despite an sharp-worded lack of bases to do it from. The implemen tation of Advanced and Floating Bases3 in the Pacific theatre and the yeoman service provided by returns Squadrons Eight and Ten4 during the operations in the Asia Pacific region are indeed benchmarks as far as synergising the efforts of merchant marine and the fighting forces is concerned. Effective support of merchant marine proven to be a force multiplier for the Allies and allowed them to successfully wage a war of attrition against Japan.AIMThis paper seeks to study the role of merchant marine for the Allies and the Axis powers in the Asia Pacific region in WW II by examining the effects of trade warfare, Naval Control of exaltation (NCS), convoy ops and U boat doctrines on both the sides. The paper would make recommendations relevant to the Indian context with special emphasis on Naval Cooperation and Guidance for deportation (NCAGS) measures.5ALLIED AND AXIS MERCHANT MARINE IN ASIA PACIFIC REGIONRequirement of Merchant Shipping Asia Pacific RegionAxis Merchant Marine in As ia Pacific. The Axis merchant marine plying the Asia Pacific region belonged entirely to Japan. Prior to the outbreak of war, Japanese merchantmen were employed for transporting oil, iron ore, military hardware, etc. from USA, UK and her colonies and the Dutch East Indies.6 After Japan attacked Indo China in May 1941, the USA responded with sanctions and cut off all trade. In order to keep the war automobile moving, Japan now started importing oil from Ind unrivalledsia, coal from Manchuria, rubber and iron ore from Malaya. With the outbreak of war, Japanese trade and her merchant marine were extensively plying within the westerly Pacific region. One special aspects pertaining to the internal organization of merchant marine in Japan bears mention. Unlike the Allies, where merchant marine requisitioned for war effort was under a single point control, in Japan, merchant shipping was divided between Imperial Japanese Army, Imperial Japanese Navy and Ministry of Communication. The abs ence of a central coordinating agency left the merchant marine fractured in administration eventually leading to wastage of world-shattering amount of tonnage.7 The Japanese were singularly subordinate on their merchant marine for sustaining the war on Allies. At the outbreak of war, Japanese merchant marine was about 6,000,000 tons which was considered just about adequate to meet their national needs.8 The Japanese, having never been subjected to significant trade warfare did not have a well-defined structure of NCS.Allied Merchant Marine in Asia Pacific. The Allies had a significant merchant marine presence within the Asia Pacific region. The US itself had more than 1700 merchantmen9 designate to the Pacific theatre of which 450 merchantmen eventually participated in Pacific theatre combat operations. These ships were awarded Battle stars for their distinguished service.10 Allied merchant marine in the Asia Pacific while being predominantly of American source also had generous contribution from Australia, New Zealand, UK, Netherlands and Norway.11 Movement of merchant ships within the theatre was relatively unopposed as compared to the Atlantic theatre. This was made possible receivable to an almost negligible Japanese submarine threat. In addition, the Allied NCS procedure were tested and proven in combat thereby streamlining the entire process of merchant marine movements, defensive measures, intelligence gathering, etc.12 But what posed a significant problem for the Allied war effort was twofold Lack of Bases for Stockpiling and concern Activities. The vast expanse of the Pacific Ocean provided very hardly a(prenominal) shore bases to set up stockpiles/ forward bases. This aspect gains significance beca office the numbers involved in supporting the fighting forces were indeed astronomical. For eg on Efate, the U.S. had seven 1,000-barrel steel tanks for aviation gasoline, two 10,000-gallon Diesel tanks, and four buried 5,000-gallon aviation-gasolin e tanks, while at Havannah eight other buried tanks held 5,000 gallons each. In the Tulagi expanse the U.S. had ten 1,000-barrel tanks plus 12,000 barrels of aviation gasoline, a 60-000-barrel diesel-oil storage, and a 280,000- barrel fuel-oil farm. Guadalcanal added storage for 1,300,000 gallons of aviation gasoline.13 The condition described extravagantlyer up was reached in the initial phases of the offensive.Enhanced Distances of the Pacific.The Pacific Ocean stretches through 135 of latitude, 9,600 miles. Its greatest longitudinal extent measures 12,000 miles along latitude 5 N, covering an area of 63.8 million square miles.14 An median(a) voyage across this expanse of water from San Francisco to the closest island outpost in the Solomon Island chain would take in excess of 25 days provided the weather was favourable. Thus moving logistics across this vast expanse was a unique problem. Maintaining continuous flow of materiel in this theatre where an average soldier required 67 pounds of supplies per day was indeed a daunting challenge.Allied Efforts to Surmount Logistical ChallengesSetting Up of Allied Mobile Service Squadrons. Based upon the above two peculiarities of the Pacific theatre, Admiral Nimitz ordered setting up of two mobile service squadrons. The basic idea was to use one mobile service squadron to support the fleet till achievement of one military objective. In the meantime, the second mobile service squadron would be set up ahead near the next objective. This way, the Fleet could continue its forward march and the support squadrons would leapfrog ahead.15 This idea fit in well with the island hopping campaign. The service squadrons were an eclectic mix of naval ships, merchantmen, fleet auxiliaries and a number of specialized vessels. The combination of vessels, surface craft, and auxiliary equipment under the operational administration of the Service Squadron included provender stores ships, barracks ships, oil tankers, hospital ship s, destroyer tenders, hydrographic survey ships, net cargo ships, net tenders, repair ships, pontoon assembly ships, submarine chasers, motor torpedo boats, picket boats, rearming boats, lighten boats, harbour tugs, salvage tugs, self-propelled lighters, ammunition barges, salvage barges, garbage barges, repair barges, floating dry-docks, degaussing vessels, floating cranes, salvage vessels, net gate barges, and any other type of ship considered necessary.16Analysis.A comparative analysis of both the Allied and the Axis merchant marine indicates that at the beginning of the Pacific warfare, both the forces had relatively high freedom of manoeuver with merchantmen having a clearly understood charter. The Allies had an edge over the Axis merchantmen in that they were under a unified and unambiguous restrain structure. This edge also extended to the synergistic approach towards their utilization in conjunction with fighting forces. On the contrary, Japanese attitude towards managing affairs pertaining to joint ops with merchant shipping and convoy ops was one of derision. Managing trade and merchantmen did not figure in the classical Mahanian concept of seapower which the Japanese were assiduously emulating and hence gave it only a skirting(prenominal) treatment.17ALLIED TRADE WARFARE VS JAPANESE CONVOY SYSTEM Effect of parcel out WarfareAllied U Boat Offensive.The Allied U boat offensive in the Pacific theatre commenced in Jan/Feb 1942. The Allied submarine fleet in the Pacific comprised of submarines from US Navy, the Royal Navy of UK and a few small submarines from the Royal Netherlands Navy. The US Navy adopted an unrestricted submarine warfare indemnity. In addition to the same, they also adapted Wolf Pack tactics practiced by Germans in the Atlantic to utilize them in the Pacific theatre.18 The nomenclature selected for the Allied Wolf pack was Coordinated Attack Groups (CAG).19 The tactics were around refined to give more freedom to the submarine com mander at sea and control from submarine commander ashore was reduced. Other than minor changes, the philia of CAG was similar to the Wolf pack. The CAG offensive against Japanese trade prove quite effective. The US submarines alone sank a total of 4,779,902 tons of merchant shipping during the line of work of the war, in total accounting for 54.6% of all Japanese vessel losings.20 Allied trade warfare thus, succeeded in strangulating Japan and prevented her merchant marine form aiding the war effort.Axis U Boat Ops against Allied Merchant Shipping.Japanese U boats were never tasked by the Japanese Naval High command for an all-out trade warfare role against the Allied merchant shipping. This was attributable to certain flawed doctrinal precepts which shall be discussed subsequently. In the Pacific war, the Japanese submarines have been credited with sinking of 184 merchant vessels amounting to a total of 907, 000 GRT.21 This kind of a restricted offensive had no effect on the Al lied merchant marine.Effect of convoy System in Asia PacificJapanese Convoy System. In view of the relentless U Boat onslaught on its shipping the Japanese reply was decidedly hapless. mending convoy system was put into place only by 1943 by when Allied U boats had already sunk a tenth of the Japanese shipping. The escorts provided for convoys were inadequate numerically as well as in terms of capability. These escorts were ships which had lived their life in the Imperial Japanese Navy and were seconded for lesser important roles. This gross slackness continued till about Mar 1944 when merchant ship losses became prohibitive. The blockade of the Japanese mainland had started to pinch the war waging effort as almost half the Japanese merchant fleet had already been sunk. This is when, serious attention to Japanese convoying efforts was paid by Japanese High Command. The total number of escort units assigned for convoy ops went up from 25 in 1943 to 150 by 1944. Even then the num bers of escorts were inadequate and poor ASW technology did not prevent losses from U boats in a big way.22 Poor ASW capability of IJN ships remained its proverbial Achilles heel. This deficiency led to further attrition of not only its merchant shipping but a substantial amount of its combatant fleet as well.23 By the time Japanese Navy put into place a shipbuilding system for manufacturing specialized ASW platforms they ran out of raw material. And so by 1945, their war machinery as also the economy came to a standstill.Effect on Japanese Convoy Routes.The cumulative effect of Allied U boat offensive and inability of Japanese Navy to offer effective protection to its merchant marine convoys led to abandonment of a large number of point to point routes within the Western Pacific ocean. By 1944, more and more convoys were hugging the coast during their passing making them more vulnerable to threat from mines as well. This led to transit time being doubled in many cases over well-e stablished routes. An extract from strategic Bombing Survey The War Against Japanese Surface Transportation (1947) is placed at Appendix which depicts the Japanese convoy routes that were abandoned during the course of the Pacific war due to the U boat offensive from Allies.24Japanese Submarine Doctrine. Having seen the proactive Allied U boat deployment policy which proved to be so effective against Japanese shipping, it is worthwhile to examine the Japanese U boat doctrine within the same period of time as well. The strong Mahanian outlook of the entire Japanese Naval leadership, who had been bred on tales of crushing defeat meted out to Russia in the Russo Japanese War, led them to adapt a submarine doctrine edificed on the chase assumptions25 Submarines are suited for use as scouts and must engage enemy surface combatants. They must support the Grand Fleet in the decisive battle. drop merchant ships is not consistent with bushido (the way of the warrior) as the enemy can be de stroyed by crushing his large combatants.26Submarines could be utilize as effective means for retaining island garrisons.Analysis.In a broad stroke, it could be surmised that since the basic premises on which submarine doctrine of the Japanese were based were not sound, the overall exploitation of these assets became unfocussed and suboptimal.27 The Japanese were forced to cede that their U boats soon became powerless when faced with the superior ASW and technological capabilities of Allied warships. U boats could not defend island outposts of Japan and soon became supply mules for them which was a fetch up waste of their combat potential. Despite these telling setbacks, the Japanese high command was steadfast in refusing to get it on the effectiveness with which the Germans and later on the Allies exploited U boats. And so was frittered away a potent force which could have altered the face of Pacific war had they been used in an all-out merchant offensive against the Allies nea r the US West Coast, Hawaii, Australia, New Zealand, the Panama Canal and closer to major(ip) Indian ports/choke points.CONCLUSIONFactors which Decided the Role of Merchant Marine in the Asia Pacific Region. During the course of the analysis of the role played by merchant marine in the Asia Pacific region in support of the war waging effort of both Allies and the Axis powers during WW II, the following major factors could be surmised Trade Warfare.It is beyond doubt that the war in the Asia Pacific was one of logistics in its simplest form. The Allied forces built up a phenomenal logistics chain through synergised use of merchant marine in conjunction with fighting forces. The aim of the Allies was to effectively use this logistics stockpile to support their forces so as to cut the logistics lines of Axis powers. In cutting the Axis SLOCS, the aim was again to interdict Axis merchant marine which was the veritable lifeline of Japan. Hence both sides were inexorably hooked on their merchant marine for sustaining their war waging efforts. The role of merchant marine for both the side was pivotal. In this scenario, successful application of trade warfare allowed Allies to strangulate Japan and achieve significant advantage.Naval Control of Shipping. The major difference which contributed in a large way towards the overall effectiveness of Allied merchant shipping was the astute single point command and control. The Allies were fully aware of the importance of merchant shipping and had learnt their lessons well from the Atlantic theatre. On the contrary, Japanese shipping was divided between the Imperial Army, Imperial Navy and the govt with no central agency overseeing their functioning and utilization. This led to avoidable wastage of precious mercenary effort. Poor administration on part of the Japanese also led to non-implementation of convoy system in the early stages of war. Lack of effective NCS resulted in significant destruction of merchant marine which led to their economic strangulation and paved the way for their ultimate defeat at the hands of the Allies.Convoy System.The Allies did not have the need to implement a strict convoy system in the Asia Pacific unlike in the Atlantic theatre. This was due to an almost complete absence of Japanese submarine threat. The Axis shipping while in desperate need of effective convoy ops in the face of overwhelming U boat threat never got its act together while there was still time. By the time convoy ops were implemented by the Japanese, Allied U boats had inflicted irreversible losses on Axis shipping. The numerical and technical deficiencies of the Axis escort forces which were finally assigned for convoy ops only facilitated the attrition of Axis shipping which contributed in a big way to the ultimate Japanese defeat. Hence, ineffective implementation of convoy system by the Japanese prevented their merchant marine from acting a key enablers role to the war effort at the most crucial tim e during the Pacific war.U Boat Doctrines. The Allies took a pitch out the Axis powers Wolf pack tactics and implemented the same with great success against Japanese shipping. This was made possible due to a vivid approach by the Allied Naval leadership. The Axis powers on the other hand showed a complete lack of imagination in exploiting the U boat forces that they had. Rather than target Allied merchant shipping in a tit-for-tat manner, the Japanese U boats were frittered away on supply missions to outlying garrison islands and trashy reconnaissance missions which ultimately did nothing to further Japanese objectives. The Allies in fact won the war on Japanese merchant shipping by astute application of their potent U boat fleet with an aggressive doctrine.RECOMMENDATIONSNCAGS for Protection of Merchant Marine in Conflict and PeaceAmongst all the factors that have been enumerated above, one factor that stands out as a significant contributor to the destruction of Japanese mercha nt marine was their lack of well evolved NCS procedures. The effectiveness of NCS has been proved both in war and in peacetime operations over the last century. The most recent example of successful application of these time tested procedures can be seen in the escort operations being conducted by IN, PLA(N) and Russian Navy in the Gulf of Aden for protecting ships from the scourge of Piracy.NCS and NCAGS in the Indian Context. Specifically, in the Indian context, NCS and NCAGS are both mentioned as distinct military roles in times of conflict in the maritime strategy document, Ensuring Secure Seas Indian ocean Security Strategy. However, no further amplification on the ambit of operations is provided therein.28 The Australian Maritime Doctrine (non NATO element) defines NCAGS as The provision of military cooperation, guidance, advice, assistance and lapse to merchant shipping to enhance the safety of participating merchant ships and to support military operations. (BR 1806).29 Certain amplification of the scope of NCAGS is also provided in the doctrine to the extent that the overall aim of the operation becomes clear.30Need for Guidance Document on NCAGS.Presently there do not exist any Indian guidance/ policy documents in the open domain with regards to NCS/ NCAGS which are accessible to merchant mariners. It is recommended that the ambit of operations envisaged under NCAGS could be defined in an unclassified guidance document. In specifying a scope for these operations we could consider the NATO Allied publication in this regard which has evolved from the Wartime Instructions for US Merchant vessels of WW II.31 This NATO publication incorporates actions for a number of non-traditional threats which blight merchant marine in the present day. Promulgation of such a document would lay out the basic guidelines for co-operation with merchant men. This document could be used to lay out the terms of reference for carrying out Anti-piracy escort ops in Gulf of Aden. Once a policy/ guidance document is promulgated, a foundation for mercantile-military cooperation is laid for building up further.Participation/ Observer Status in NATO NCAGS Exercises.NATO member navies conduct NCAGS exercises like Bell Buoy and Lucky Mariner where member nations represented by NCAGS staff and merchant marine community come together in order to jointly exercise civil military response to a global threat scenario to shipping.32 It would be worthwhile to have suitable Naval reps from IN attend these exercises either as participants or observers. This would allow us to remain in tune with the current developments in this field. Based on experience gained in such exercises, we could have our own scenario based exercises.BIBLIOGRAPHYBooksBagnasco, Erminio. Submarines of World War II. Annapolis. Maryland Naval (1977)Blair, Clay. Silent Victory The US Submarine War Against Japan. Naval Institute Press, 2001.Carter, Worral reed instrument. Beans, Bullets, and Black Oil The Story of Fleet Logistics Afloat in the Pacific During World War II. Washington. DC Department of the Navy (1953).Dyer, George C. Naval Logistics. (USNI Press, Maryland) 1962.Hughes, Terry and Costello, John. The Battle of the Atlantic, New York Dial Press,1977.Huston, James A. The Sinews of War Army Logistics 1775-1953. Vol. 2. authorities Printing Office, 1966Milner, M. (2008). The Battle That Had To Be Won. Naval History, 22(3), 12-21.Nitobe, Inaz. Bushido, The Soul Of Japan An Exposition Of Japanese Thought. GP Putnams sons, 1905Smith, Steven Trent. Wolf Pack The American Submarine Strategy that Helped vote down Japan. Wiley, 2003Vego, Milan. Operational Warfare At Sea Theory And Practice. Routledge, 2008.Willmott, Hedley Paul. The Last Century of Sea Power From Washington to Tokyo, 1922-1945. Vol. 2. Indiana University Press, 2010.2.Collections.Hansen Kenneth P, Canadian Naval Operational Logistics Lessons Learned, Lost, and Relearned? The Yankee Mariner/le marin du nord, XX No. 4, (October 2010)Hoffman, F. G. The American Wolf Packs A slip Study in Wartime Adaptation JFQ 80, 1st Quarter 2016Richard J. Smethurst, Japan, the United States, and the street to World War II in the Pacific The Asia-Pacific Journal, Vol 10, Issue 37, No. 4, September 10, 20123.Documents.ATP-02.1 Naval Cooperation And Guidance For Shipping (NCAGS) Guide To Owners, Operators, Masters And Officers Edition A Version 1 September 2014Clem Lack, B.A., Dip. Jour., Public Relations Officer, Premiers Department, Brisbane. Australias Merchant Navy, Read at the meeting of The Historical Society of Queensland on October 24, 1957Department of Defense, Washington, D.C. World War II Informational Fact Sheets.1995, ED 406 277Giesler Patricia, Valour at Sea Canadas Merchant Navy, Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada represented by the Minister of Veterans Affairs, 2005Indian Naval Strategic Publication 1.2 Oct 2015, Ensuring Secure Seas Indian Maritime Security Strategy, Int egrated Headquarters, Ministry of Defence (Navy)Linn, James, Supplying the Asia-Pacific Theater United States Logistics and the American Merchant Marine in World War II (2016) University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations. Paper 2167.ONeil, William D. Military Transformation as a Competitive Systemic Process The Case of Japan and the United States between the World Wars. No. CRS-D0008616. A1. Center For Naval Analyses Alexandria VA, 2003.RAN Doctrine 1 2010, Australian Maritime DoctrineDussault Sheyla, Naval Cooperation and Guidance For Shipping Giving an old tool a new role in Canadas Maritime Security, Royal Canadian Navy, Apr 09United States Strategic Bombing Survey.(1947). The War Against Japanese Transportation, 1941-1945. WashingtonWigmore Greg A Debt Of Shame Repaid Canadian Merchant Navy Veterans And Their Struggle For Compensation, Carleton University, Canada4.Electronic Media/Websites(ab)http//combinedfleet.com/ss.htm(ac)http//forum.axishistory.com/viewtopic.php?t=17 9117.http//ww6.enjoy.ne.jp/iwashige/escorttext.htmhttp//www.apnewsarchive.com/1987/Ship-Losses-in-Tanker-War-One-Third-Total-Sinkings-in-WWII/id-fa55fe8e5a8a2a706f9d700df38fe247http//www.alliedmerchantnavy.com/amn/canada/info-resources.htmlhttp//www.britannica.com/place/Pacific-Oceanhttp//www.history.co.uk/study-topics/history-of-ww2/pacific-and-philippineshttp//www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/Japan/IJN/JANAC-Losses/JANAC-Losses-6.htmlhttp//www.merchantshipsozww2.com/about.phphttp//www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WAMJAP_ASW.php Japanese ASW weaponshttp//www.usmm.org/battleatlantic.htmlhttp//www.usmm.org/battlepacific.htmlhttp//www.usmm.org/ww2.htmlhttp//www.ww2incolor.com/forum/showthread.php/6399-IJN-Submarine-DoctrineTotal no of words 5373.No of words excluding articles, footnotes, bibliography and digits 41151 http//www.usmm.org/ww2.html (accessed on 12 Sep 16)2 Milner, M. (2008). The Battle That Had To Be Won. Naval History, 22(3), 12-21. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/20345 9633?accountid=132150The Battle of the Atlantic started on 3 September 1939 when U-30 sank the small British facing Athenia west of Ireland, and it ended on 7 May 1945 when U-2336 sank two small steamers in the North Sea off Newcastle, England.3 George C Dyer,. Naval Logistics. (USNI Press, Maryland) 1962. p 1194 Worral Reed Carter,. Beans, Bullets, and Black Oil The Story of Fleet Logistics Afloat in the Pacific During World War II. Washington. DC Department of the Navy (1953). p 95, Chapter X5 Indian Naval Strategic Publication 1.2 Oct 2015, Ensuring Secure Seas Indian Maritime Security Strategy, Integrated Headquarters, Ministry of Defence (Navy) p 736 Richard J. Smethurst, Japan, the United States, and the Road to World War II in the Pacific,

FedEx Organisational Resources Management

FedEx Organisational Resources ManagementFedEx is a transportation corporation started in 1973, who came in to the industry with a very(prenominal) diametric approach and tried to trounce their competitors. In fact there were quite successful to a large extent in doing that. This paper contains discussion about the various strategies they deliver apply to do so, as strong as the end results. It similarly contains analysis on how they have do changes to their strategies as there were changes in the Information engine room or Economic environments.Introduction strategy defines how all the elements of what a follow does fit together. (Porter, 2001)Having a vision for a caller-out is quite different from having a strategy. Vision is the aims or objectives we have for our business that we would like to achieve everyplace a period of judgment of conviction and Strategy is the design or steps that we habituate to achieve those objectives. FedEx started in 1973 with a vision to gain the market sh be by targeting a niche market and providing them with a different suffice. They want to use the 3 factors which they thought are going to be very helpful to make them succeed.GlobalisationAdvances in ITApplication of new technologies for operate efficiencies (Ali and Pauline, 2000)With the implementation of IT and the bellow to the internet, they made sure they had the proper use of their Value and Supply chain, thus transforming and making a huge success in the Logistics industry. In this paper I am going to discuss as in how they have managed to achieve the success as well as the mistakes they have made after the success.StrategyHaving a Strategy is one of the approximately important parts of being successful in a business, as sometime that is what leads to the success. Strategy defines the marks for the organisation over a long period of time and helps the organisation in achieving them. Strategy is the direction and scope of an geological formation ov er the long border which achieves advantage for the agreement through its configuration of resources within a challenging business environment, to meet that needs of markets and to fulfil stakeholder wageations (Johnson and Scholes, 2008)Strategy can be defined as the rules and actions employ to steer a business towards making much more money (Richard Koch and Peter Nieuwenhuizen, 2006)2.1 Need for Strategy in that respect is a definite need for organisations to have a Global Corporate Strategy, as it not only directs them towards achieving the goals they have, but leave behind also help them in achieving them in a planned way. about of factors or concepts that organisations depend on while designing their Strategy areWhat are the goals and aims of the business?How can they face the competition?What does the consumers, employee, management and all the stakeholders expect from the organisation?What are the resources avail sufficient?2.2 Porters Generic strategical FrameworkAcc ording to porter, having a strategy is nothing but making sure the expenses and the cost of occupation are lower than the sale expenditure, thus making a profit on the initial investment. In other words the firm may aim to provide products at the lowest possible price, or seek to provide products which although perhaps more expensive are differentiated on the basis which the node finds important. He has identified the three strategies as overall cost leaders, speciality and focus. (Marios I. Katsioloudes, 2002)The Generic Strategy framework Adapter from (Michael E Porter, 1985)Cost LeadershipDifferentiationCost FocusDifferentiation FocusBeing Different from the Competition as well as being a Cost Leader is what FedEx has achieved from the time it has started. With the vision they have for troupe they have started the business different to what their competitors were offering to the consumers. Even though they have started the business targeting a Niche market that were free t o pay a premium to get the goods delivered the next day, FedEx were able to transforms from a focussed Strategy to more of a Differentiation and Cost effective Strategy.2.3 Strategic Vision behind FedEx Corporation,The aim of having a strategy is to gain advantage over the competition and thus getting the market share to make profits. The goal of strategy is to achieve a superior long-term return on investment and Economic value is created when customers are willing to pay a price for a product or service that exceeds the cost of producing it. (Porter, 2001) Under the leadership of Fred Smith, FedEx not only made sure it had a strategic vision, but it also proved that with by using proper techniques it can grow and gain the market share. Strategy is the direction and scope of an organization over the long term which achieves advantage for the organization through its configuration of resources within a challenging business environment, to meet that needs of markets and to fulfil sta keholder expectations (Johnson and Scholes, 2008)Human resource management is responsible for(p) for how people are treated in organizations.It is responsible for the bringing people into the organization, helping them perform their work, compensating them for their labors and solving the problems that arise (Cherrington 1995, p.5).2.4 STRATEGIC ADVANTAGES FOR HR PLANNINGThere are a derive of more specific reasons for resorting to HR planning exercises at the level of the undertaking, reasons that can make the exercise essential. These are1. To establish the stovepipe cost balance between plant and manpower utilization.2. To determine recruitment, level wise and occupation wise3. Ensure that we do not inherit inordinateness manpower hired on account of an incompetent CEO.4. To provide a basis for management development programswww.jnj.com3 STRATEGIES FOR HUMAN RESOURCEenlistingThis is the very basic function of the human beings resource management dept. The first step in the de velopment of a concerns psycheals activity is to employ the right type of person to operate the organization. Employing people are one of the most critical step in establishing and growth of business. Recruitment is the major step in the total staffing process. Recruitment is the process of searching for prospective employees and stimulating them to apply for jobs in the concern.FedEx being a global company, a separate HR dept works out for this function. given over below is the process of their recruitment-Inviting the applicationScreening and selecting the appropriate applicationsAptitude testInterviews (both HR and operation)Placementinduction and orientationRemunerationRight remuneration should be given to employees according to their services rendered to the organization. For deciding fair remuneration following points should be considered1) Job evaluation and job analysis.2) Merit rating of employees/ performance appraisal.3) fillip schemes4) Profit sharingBeing a job requi ring high level of skills and motivation, FedEx keeps a constant eye on performance of employees to fix remuneration.Promotion, Transfer endpointPromotion and transfers are essential features of human resource management. For increasing the skills and high level of efficiency, it is essential to frame proper promotion policy. Systematic promotional programmers should be arranged which are based upon seniority, qualifications, period of service, experience, etc.Transfer involves shifting of an employee from one job to another job without changing responsibilities and remuneration .In order to even up existing staff internal transfers are essential. Within various departments of FedEx and within various group companies, transfers take place.www.cipd.co.ukRewards IncentivesAlmost 50% of all FedEx spending goes to employee pay and benefits.Employee compensation is structured to acknowledge individual effort, stimulate new ideas, encourage outstanding performance and promote teamwork . All of these factors are reflected in the employees Compensation and Rewards.4 HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Human Resource Management is considered as the philosophy, policies, procedures and practices that are connected to the administration of the employees of an organization. It is connected and related to the administration of the employees of a company. It has a great contribution in successful process of attracting, developing, motivating as well as principal(prenominal)taining a high-performing work force that helps to add to the competitive advantage of the organization (Sims 2002 pp. 2 3). Furthermore, HR has a great impact with the institution and the implementation of the different policies, programs and procedures that can affect the success and failure of the performance, competences as well as the loyalty of the entire workforce of the organization. Because of the policies and procedures, individuals are being attracted, retained, motivated as well as developed in ord er to perform the work of the organization. This is callable to the fact that through these policies and procedures, the organization will seek to mold as well as shape the actions of the employees in order to operate successfully. Thus, comply with the different public policies, offer high quality of employment that will help to improve and maintain the position of the company in the market by the process of reinforced ability to compete and serve (Clardy 1996, p. 1). Above all, the process of incorporating the top managements goals to the HRM practices and policies will help to bring out as well as advantage the different types of behavior that are important in achieving the strategy of organization. The effectiveness of the HRM practices can help to improve the competitive advantage in creating both the cist leadership and differentiation (Sims 2002, p. 5).5 Strategic Human Resource ManagementThe main goal of the strategic human resource or SHRM is the improvement of the way HR are managed in strategic manner in the organization, with the connection to the definitive goal of the improvement organizational performance, that are judged by its influence on the corporal strategy of the company, and the concern of the customers and shareholders (Brewster Mayrhofer 2000, p.6). HRM can help to determine the HR needs in order to support the strategic objectives as well as to construe that all of the employees are selected, trained, evaluated as well as rewarded in ways that helps to achieve the objectives of the business. In addition, the strategic HRM is a linear, balanced process that begins with the identification of the goals that will server as guidelines in the HR practices. Above all, the integration of the HR programs with the goals of the entire organization can help to increase the value of the organization (Burke barrel maker 2004, p. 92).6 FedEx Express and Strategic Human ResourceOne of the most important strategies of the company that made them different from their competitor is their superior customer service and effective and efficient on-time deliveries. On the other hand, since the same basic and vital technologies are also available and offered in other competitors much(prenominal) as UPS and DHL, the workforce of FedEx is considered as the crucial competitive advantage for the company (Ahmed Ullah 2006). The overall HR strategy of the company focuses on the process of building a committed, competent as well as customer-oriented workforce. Training is considered as the most important events at FedEx, in order for the company to meet their goal of 100% customer satisfactory. It has a promotion from within policy. It undertakes as well as arranges extensive training for all of the employees as well as the managers that covers the quality management, leadership concepts as well as the philosophy of the company (Ahmed Ullah 2006). The retention of talents is also one of the most important strategies of the company. It has a turnover rate of 1%, having to show that they have the most effective way of keeping their employees. The main reason behind the said success is that the company is offering high career opportunities, the result of the policy that employees are being promoted from within. Because of the said policy, the company had been able to recognize the efforts of its people through awards, open communications as well as other incentives. Employee retention is direct connected with the recruitment and employee relations of the company. They influenced each other. In the case of Federal Express, it begins its retention efforts by the process of centralizing its recruitment efforts. By doing the said activity, the company had been able to maintain and retain their employees, and improves their skills, by making sure that each and every employee is receiving proper training in terms of job performance skills (Denton 1992). It helped the productivity of the company, by making sure that all of its employees are experienced and knowledgeable.People-Service-ProfitsLike any other companies, Federal Express Corporation believes that people is its greatest asset. The main focus of the company is to promote a good working environment where in all of the stakeholders will feel respected, satisfied as well as appreciated. The main thinking of FedEx is that there people are the primary entity in the value chain, that is why it is important to focus on the employees first. The People-Service-Profits policy is being use by asking as well as answering different basic questions, such as what are the expectations and things that must do. The company tries to spend time in order to answer the questions for their personnel by extensive orientation programs that will show and define the entire values of the company (Denton, 1992). Above all, the company strictly implements their promotion from within and with connection to the progression policy. It also uses Information Technology o r IT in order to implement an extensive job calling card system that will enables the employees to be informed regarding the different opportunities. When a specific position is open and available, notices are all posted in the entire region of the company in order to inform the employees (Denton, 1992)7 Recommendation It had been showed that FedEx has a strong relationship with the most important entity or stakeholder, the employees or human resource. The company had been able to retain their talents that helped them to maintain productivity, thus maintain competitive advantage of FedEx. There are different aspects that must be maintain and done such as the career development. This is an ongoing, formalized effort of the organization that aims on the development and enrichment of the human resource of the company that will target both the needs of the employees as well as the entire organization (Denton 1992). Another important thing that must be considered is the internal commun ications. By doing this, the company will be able to maintain their direct and sound relationship and communication with the employees that will enable them to know what are the employees needs and demands that will help and push motivation.8 codaEven though there were major dips in the profits I personally feel FedEx having the advantage of the Brand name behind them would be and should be able to gain the advantage back on its consumers and adding on to that the company anticipated having to spend 100 million dollar over the changes they have made and the new method they have implemented (Ali and Pauline, 2000)Even though it was a major mistake not to include their acquisitions in to their brand as and when they were acquired, as well as merging the subsidiaries who were in to the same logistics business was a huge mistake that should never be done and especially considering the fact that FedEx is a huge corporation, it learned it mistake and hopefully will be able to achieve wha t Smith has mentioned before the rebranding in 2000 (Ali and Pauline, 2000)Organizations are driven by human capital and it is crucial to have a scientific look at this factor of production. Human resource is a key economic resource, and a panic attack one. It therefore demands the same attention a company gives to planning sales, investment or profits. It is this fact that has led to the development of manpower planning among an increasing number of business organizations. For the company, the returns from manpower planning can be measured in term of higher efficiency and productivity as a result of stop utilization of its manpower resources and the elimination of waste in recruitment, training and other personnel schemes. The benefits to the individual employee and the country are not less important.

Literature Review of Microclimate: Senzo Tembe

Literature Review of Micro mode Senzo TembeThis section of my project shows a series of studies and research d whizz by new(prenominal) people which realize a close relation to the experiment that Ive worked on.Microclimate is the climate of a very small or restricted argona, especially when this differs from the climate of the surrounding area. (Grade 12 geography focus book.) This reference helps me localise whether my hypothesis is true or not, comparing the quadruplets at Michaelhouse.Historical background to the Saudi Arabian heritage, author Talib, Kaizer analyses opposite types of living environment with close precautions to microclimate in those particular z 1s, and the concomitant effect on vernacular buildings.(author Kaizer Talib) Quads such as Main quad stand buildings which surround it, Talib Kaizers reference participates sanitary in my study.Different types of species were grown in the same aerial environment, temperatures ranging from 5 to 35C these were to det ermine whether species of different grass have an effect on temperature. Weight of foliages were interpreted to ratio, the usage of maximum yield of foliages were taken to find the optimum demesne temperatures of the species that was tested. According to the ratio scale it was found that ratio was lowest at optimum soil temperature and was higher at soil temperatures above and below the optimum with slight exceptions. Ratios showed that partitioning of photosynthate is controlled by the rates of photosynthesis and root absorption. (According to R.L. Davidson, oxford university press.) The reference above also helps prove that the quads in my experiment willing have an effect on the surface temperature of quads that contain more grass than others with less grass.Graph showing inverse proportionIn Tokyo an probe was set to see whether land-use and anthropogenic heat (heat produced by hu worldly concerns.) on surface temperature. Sub-grid parametrization scheme which calculates the total surface heat composed on different surfaces, oer 36 twenty-four hour periods in Tokyo the investigation was fertilize in summer and majority of the days the investigation went on for it was particularly typical summer weather (clear skies, negligible gradient winds etc..). Anthropogenic heat was much larger at night, and was found that green vegetation areas including grass were more dominant during the day than at night (resource article by F. Kimura.) At a boarding school such as Michaelhouse with 550 boys excluding staff will also have a great effect on the surface temperature while my study was being taken.The urban heat island effect has been documented in many cities, one of the causes of urban heat island effect is of green spaces such as trees, grass etc being removed and replaced with city buildings. This causes elevation in temperature, increasing the population of trees in cities target lower the urban heat island effect. The case studied heat produced by green spaces and heat produced by manufactured city buildings was measured using a thermal satellite imagery, 143 sites were chosen and if every unit conducted in this predicament case study had to increase the green spaces slightly the surface temperatures would decrease by an amount of 1.2C. (A Terre haute case study, by P.J. Hardin and R.R Jenson). Michaelhouse is a very conservative school when it comes to trees, the amount of trees could disagree to my hypothesis and the effects of the surface temperature.urbanisation process is one that influences the thermal balance of a certain area, cities are commonly several degrees hotter than a surrounding rural settlement. Urbanisation forces heat to increase in the CBD and urban areas surrounding the CBD, heat causes increase of electricity bills, and also making it very uncomfortable. Heat waves increase risks of sickness spreading around easier. In Manchester, United body politic this case study on how the effect of tree shade and gras s on surface and globe temperatures in an urban area, months June and July 2009 and 2010. Small plots were specifically chosen for the study, areas which obtained both concrete and grass with/without the presence of tree shade surface temperatures composed. Global temperatures above each surface was tested, surface and shade affected the temperature greatly. amongst the tree shade and the grass, grass de-elevated the temperature by up to 24C, while tree shade only affected the temperature by decreasing up to 19C. With no involvement to my hypothesis tree shade decreased the global temperature by 5-7C, this case study showed that trees have an influence to global temperature cooling and both tree shade and grass have a natural cooling system towards surface temperature. (Article by author D. Armson). Michaelhouse is located in a rural area which therefore makes temperature in the site lower the populated areas such as towns.Anthropogenic influences on climate are emissions of green house gases and urbanisation. Differentiating the ii on which has more of an affect to surface temperature is a difficult process since being that both parties increase the daily mean surface temperature. Urbanisation was compared to pastoral areas nearby, the results differed significantly, and reasons of the big differences between the two may have been the effect of population difference. (Eugenia Kalnay and Ming Cai.) This quote by Eugenia Kalnay and Ming Cai states the same as the above reference by author D. ArmsonSurface temperature has been reconstructed to hemispheric and global scale using proxy data for decadal to centennial climate changes in work two grounds years. Not many years ago more modern and accurate complementary methods and data were thoroughly tested and validated from experimenting with model simulations. Knowledge around climate in past centuries can improve peoples understanding of natural climate variability, and address the question whether modern d ay climate changes are precious in years to come. (Summarised quote by Michael E. Mann).Many proxy data studies have emphasized on global and hemispheric mean temperatures in antecedent years, and some studies have tried to reconstruct the underlying spatial patterns of past surface temperature changes globally and in regional scales. Recent attempts to find out the hemispheric temperatures used the composite plus scale method, using proxy data such as tree rings and ice cores are standardized and centred are then composited to form hemispheric and regional series(Michael E. Mann).Theoretical models of surface temperatures oscillations are derived, diurnal and annual are donated amplitude and phase of lag, in terms of outer conditions physical properties of soil and halo. Physico-mathematical basis is the explanation of various microclimate characteristics. (Heinz Lettau)Wind speed The fundamental atmospheric rate. It is commonly measured in knots by an instrument called the an emometer.(Oxford dictionary) In my study of the wind speed at Michaelhouse was used in rotations of the anemometer that I had created.The circulation that causes air to move is called atmospheric pressure, this atmospheric pressure is the weight of atmosphere pressing down towards the Earths surface. The global temperature affects the circulation of air flow, in high temperatures air expands and rises, and therefore sinks in low temperatures. (Focus, grade 12 geography text book.) everyplace a few years new mathematical functions have been proposed for wind speed density, the most commonly used function had come across in studies to be inadequate in finding the correct wind speed density, this function is called the two-parameter Weibull function. Whether the two-parameter function is unimodal or bimodal nature, due to the intricate conduct of the function inadequate. This prevents it to be modelled by two-parameters model. Unimodal is produced by the two-parameter if its bimodal na ture which makes it simply inadequate to model appropriately. Recent years other functions have been suggested for both uni/bimodal natured functions, more involved functions to better model the distributions.(A.N. Celik, author)Throughout the five days of gathering data the wind speed was different on every day. The main factors that affect the wind direction and speed are the pressure gradient force, Coriolis force and friction. These particular factors cause winds to blow at different directions and different speeds when they are working together.(By Annalou Mack, Sciences 360, atmosphere and weather.)BibliographyArmson, D. (2012). The effect of tree shade and grass on surface and globe temperature in an urban area. Urban forestry and Urban greening, Abstract.Bonan, B. G. (2008). Forest and climate change forcings, feedbacks, and the climate benefits of forest. science, Abstract.Cai, M. a. (2003, May 29). Impact of urbanisation and land-use change on climate. Letters to nature, A bstract.Celik, N. A. (2010). Critical evaluation of wind speed relative frequency distribution functions. Journal of renewable and sustainable energy, Abstract.Davidson, R. (1968, December 28). Effect of root/leaf temperature differentials on root/shoot ratios in some pasture grasses and clover. Oxford index, Abstract.Dilley, L. E.-B. (2006). Focus. mantel town Maskew Miller Longman.Graham, E. R. (1987). Sea surface temperature, sea wind divergence, and convection over tropical oceans. Graham and Barnet, Abstract.Hardin, J. P. (2007, May 25). The effect of urban leaf area on summertime urban surface kinetic temperatures. A Terre Haute case study, Abstract.Kimura, F. (1989, June 6). The effects of land use and anthropogenic heating on the surface temperature in the capital of Japan metropolitan. Atmospheric environment. Part B, urban atmosphere, Abstract.Lei, M. (2009). A review on the forcasting of the wind speed and generated power. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, Absra ct.Lettau, H. (1951). Theory of surface temperature and heat direct oscillations near a level ground surface. American geophysical union, Abstract.Mack, A. (2006). Sciences 360. Atmosphere and weather, 1.Mann, E. M. (2007, November 20). Proxy-based reconstructions of hemispheric and global surface temperature variations over the past millennia. Surface temperature reconstruction for the last 2,000 years, 5.Talib, K. (1984). Shelter in Saudi Arabia. New york Academy editions.Tsuruta, S. (2002). Confronting neutron star cooling theories with new observations. The astrophysical journal letters, Abstract.Senzo TembeEffective Leadership Studies Theodore RooseveltEffective Leadership Studies Theodore RooseveltDaniel J. SafarikTheodore Roosevelt Hero, Leader, wise manTheodore (Teddy) Roosevelt was many things. He was a civil servant, a war hero, and guardian of human rights. Roosevelts success has inspired many Americans throughout history. However, there was one man that he took under hi s wing and molded into his successor. Roosevelt was able to impact this mans life for years and led him to the presidency.Who did your draw mentor?The person that Roosevelt inspired and mentored the most was William Taft, the twenty-seventh President of the United States and Supreme Court Justice. Tafts professional relationship with Roosevelt began when Teddy offered him a seat on the Supreme Court, which he turned down to eat up his duties as governor of the Philippines (William Taft Life in Brief, 2017). This relationship would eventually lead Roosevelt to encourage Taft to run for president. Roosevelts endorsement would lead to Tafts 1908 victory.How did they mentor that person?Roosevelt began professionally mentoring Taft in 1903 when Roosevelt named Taft his Secretary of War. Taft became Roosevelts closest confidant and two worked very closely on many projects including the Portsmouth Peace negotiations, which ended the war between Japan and Russia. When Taft was elected in 1908 he used the tactics and skills he learned under Roosevelt. Taft continued Roosevelts goal of expanding U.S. foreign trade in South and Central America, as well as in Asia (William Taft Life in Brief, 2017). Although Tafts presidency in many ways did not work out how Roosevelt had foreseen, it is clear that Taft was impacted by his mentor. Roosevelt gave Taft the tools to manipulate that he was prepared to take on the challenge.Were they a good mentor?I believe that Roosevelt was a good mentor to Taft. According to Lesser (1995), one of the keys to good mentorship is great expectations. Roosevelt saw that Taft had potential to be a leader and pushed him to run for President, if not for this encouragement, Taft most likely would not have ever run and just stuck to his original plan of becoming a Supreme Court Justice (which he later completed). Many times mentors see what the mentee cannot yet see. other key to good mentorship is good exposure (Lesser, 1995). Roosevelt was able to expose Taft to situations and people that set him up for success. If not for Tafts exposure to the Portsmouth Peace negotiations he many have not been successful expanding trade with Asia. Exposure like this is irreplaceable and can be very hard to come by, for this reason, I believe that Roosevelt was an excellent mentor.Did your leader display emotional and tender cognition with the mentee?Emotional and social intelligence are defined as skills that enable an individual to understand the impact of emotions on behavior and thinking, to regulate emotions and behavior, to understand the importance of emotions in others, and to understand social interactions and engage in adaptive ways with others in social situations. Emotional intelligence provides the foundation for social intelligence, which includes social awareness and relationship management (Gerardi, 2015). Knowing that Roosevelt was socially aware and maintained his relationships well, one can infer that he carried over these habits in his mentorship of Taft. Although their mentor/mentee relationship did not last much long after Taft became President, it is clear that Roosevelt helped Taft become skilled on how to adapt to others in social situations and become an excellent mediator and ambassador with countries around the world.ReferencesGerardi, D. (2015). Conflict Engagement Emotional and Social Intelligence. The American Journal of Nursing, 115(8), 60-5.Lesser, R. (1995). How to be a good mentor. chemical Engineering, 102(8), 111.William Taft Life in Brief (2017). In millercenter.org.

Ode to a Nightingale, Ode on a Grecian Urn, and Ode to Autumn Essay

Ode to a Nightingale, Ode on a Grecian Urn, and Ode to Autumn The unconcerned reader of John Keats poetry would most certainly be impressed by the exquisite and abundant detail of its verse, the perpetual freshness of its phrase and the inordinately rich sensory images scattered throughout its keys. But, without a deeper, more intense reading of his poems as mere parts of a larger whole, the reader whitethorn miss specific themes and ideals which be not as readily apparent as are the obvious stylistic hallmarks. Through Keats eyes, the world is a military post full of idealistic smash, both artistic and natural, whos inherent immortality, is to him a constant reminder of that man is irrevocably subject to decay and death. This theme is one which dominates a large portion of his late poetry and is most readily apparent in three of his most famous Odes To a Nightingale, To Autumn and on a Grecian Urn. In the Ode to a Nightingale, it is the ideal beauty of the Nightingales song - as permanent as nature itself - in the Ode on a Grecian Urn, it is the graven image of beauty as art transfixed and transfigured forever in the Grecian Urn - and in the Ode to Autumn it is the exquisiteness of the season idealised and immortalised as part of the natural wheel - which symbolise eternal and idealistic images of profound beauty. In Ode to a Nightingale, Keats uses the central symbol of a bird to exemplify the perfect beauty in nature. The nightingale sings to the poets senses whose ardour for its song makes the bird eternal and thus reminds him of how his own mortality separates him from this beauty. The poem begins My heart aches, and a drowsey numbness pains (Norton 1845). In this first line Keats introduces his o... ...fused by the true essence of his subjects for a bird must die and an urn must crumble and are but symbols of things imagined. Keats however, does discover his elusive eternal beauty in his Ode to Autumn, realising that it is mothe r nature, with her ever recurring seasons and perfection of purpose that is profoundly beautiful. Growing, maturing and dying are no longer avoided in Ode to autumn, they are embraced and accepted as necessary for the continuity of the seasons cycle. Keats, through his poetry, is constantly reminding us that the moment, whether short of duration or eternally present, is to be savoured for all things that exist in mans world are subject to decay and death because our ability to perceive them is limited. The world is no longer simply a place of song birds, pleasing art and proceeds laden trees, but a world of profound and everlasting beauty.

Anger Management Essay -- essays research papers

Narrative EssayAnger ManagementI hear some people say that they got so angry they lost control and didnt know what they were doing. I often wondered what that must be like. I, being a very passive person, have never lost control when Ive stimulate angered. Ive always had total awareness of my situation. In the movie Anger Management, Jack Nicholson so nicely stated Your temper is the one affair you cant get rid of by loosing it Ive probably come close at times, but never gone over the acuity to uncontrollable rage. I remember there was one time it came close. It happened one late Sunday afternoon. My friend Dan and I were sitting in his car patiently waiting for the next availably gas pump. It was hot, really hot The temperature was still over the century mark. The way the sun was beating down on us reminded me of when I was a young boy using my magnifying glass on helpless crawling insects. I was dripping wet with sweat and every part of my eubstance ached. I was so exhausted fr om the work we did this weekend I could hardly move.A gentleman motioned to us that he had finished and was going to leave. Dan got the pump spell and went into the store to pay for the gas. As the car pulled away I began to pull Dans car up to the pump when all of a sudden, this van come belly laugh around from the opposite direction, trying to get to the pump before me. I stepped on it and the driver of the van slammed on his brakes. I continued until I was j...